What is the most important part of a Latin American city? - PowerPoint Presentation

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What is the most important part of a Latin American city? Why?What is in the periphery of Latin American cities?What is the difference between a formal and an informal economy?What is the disamenity section of this model?How is this model different from Burgess’s model?How is an African city model different from other city models?How is an Asian city model different from other urban models?Slide2
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Economic Functions of Cities and Models of Urban SystemsSlide5

urban systemsCities aren’t like isolated islands.They’re interconnected to other cities by trade and arranged in space logically to perform specific jobs.Slide6

basic function / basic industryIndustry that exports goods and services to customers living outside the urban areaBrings money into an urban place from outside (remember BBIM: Basic Brings In Money)ExamplesPittsburgh - steel millsDetroit - auto plantsNew York - Wall StreetSlide7

non-basic function / non-basic industryIndustry that sells goods and services primarily to the city’s residents (your less specialized businesses)Shift money within the citySupport basic industries, but not the most important industries for the city overallExamplesgrocery storeplumberSlide8

The multiplier effectGrowing cities usually have successful basic industriesBasic jobs have a multiplier effectone new basic job generates additional nonbasic jobs. Nonbasic jobs don’t create basic jobsSlide9

Central places and hinterlandsCentral placeA city (or town) that provides basic industries and services to hinterlandHinterlandDependent area around central placeExamplesHinterland for a city is a town. Hinterland for a town is smaller villages and hamletsHinterland of a port?Slide10
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2. ThresholdsIndustries have thresholds, the minimum number of people necessary before a good or service can be provided in an areaSlide12

3. RangesGoods and services have ranges, the maximum distance a customer is willing to travel to get the good. Corner store?BMW dealership?Slide13

High-order vs. low-order goodsHigh-order goods or servicesrequired infrequentlyspecialized (rare)large threshold (will go out of business in a small town)large rangeLow-order goods or servicesrequired frequentlynot specialized (easy to provide)Small thresholdsmall rangeSlide14

Urban hierarchyCities can be ranked by sizefew large cities many smaller cities Lowest in hierarchy (towns and villages):Not many higher order goodsSmall thresholds and rangesHighest in hierarchy (central cities):Highest thresholdHighest rangeLots of high order goods

Because they have high range and thresholds, big cities have to be spread outSlide15
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High order, or low order? PREDICT the number and locations of Lamborgini dealerships in Texas. Slide17
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High order, or low order? PREDICT the number and location of bicycle stores in Houston.Slide19
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central place theory (Christaller’s model)3 main ideas:Central places serve Hinterlands Thresholds RangesSlide21

Christaller’s ModelSlide22

Hierarchy on a national scaleCities that expand their central place functions may grow and move up the national urban hierarchy. Examplepopulation and manufacturing growth in SE and SW USA leads to strong basic industriesMore $$$ leads to more demand for goods and servicesPhoenix, Atlanta, Dallas, and Houston all moving up in hierarchyChicago, Detroit, Pittsburgh moving downSlide23

Rank-size ruleThe second-ranking settlement is half the population size of the largest city, the third-ranking settlement is half the second, etc.Ranked 1st

Ranked 2

nd

Third

largest

50 million

25 million12.5 million200 million ?????? Slide24

Primate cityan urban center that is more than twice as large as the second largest city in a country(don’t follow rank-size rule)Dominates country socially, economically, and politicallyCommon in formerly colonized LDCsExamplesLondon, Paris, Lagos, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Managua, CairoSlide25

Which fits:rank-size rule or primate city model?Slide26

Rank-size rule or primate city?Paris:11,174,7439Lyon: 1,648,2161Aix-en-Provence1,516,3401Slide27

Rank size rule or primate? New York: 8.4 millionLos Angeles: 3.89 millionChicago: 2.7 millionHouston: 2.196 millionSlide28

megacitiesHave high levels of power and influence within their countries’ economiesnot much influence globallyMassive: more than 10 million inhabitantsBeijing, Cairo, Mexico City, Jakarta.Slide29

Gravity model of settlement geographyIt argues that(1) larger places attract people more than smaller places (2) people are more likely to move to places closer to them than to faraway places (distance decay).Helps explain growth of megacitiesSound familiar?Slide30

Squatter settlements/favelas/shantytownsAreas without basic infrastructure on the fringes of some urban areas in LDC’shttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IL3Lz1gUIbs Slide31

Why squatter settlements?Rural to urban migrationLDC’s do not have the resources to provide basic infrastructure in impoverished areasLack of available housingLack of law enforcement to keep people from building unsafe housingSlide32

What’s in the center in…Medieval cities?Muslim cities?How old are European cities? Thinking about that, where are modern CBD’s going to be?Slide33

Pictionary!Squatter Settlement/FavelaUrban SystemBasic function/industryNon-basic function/industryCentral Place Theory/Christaller’s ModelHinterlandEdge CityCommuterSustainability

Threshold

Range

High Order Good

Low Order Good

Rank-size rule

Primate city

World CityMegacityHarris and Ullman Multiple Nuclei ModelBurgess Concentric Zone ModelHoyt Sector Model