PDF-INNOCUOUS ANTIGENS

. T. h. e Specific Immune Response. OCR AS Biology – F212 – Module 2. Food & Health. Learning Objectives. Success Criteria. Understand the role of the specific immune system.. Understand the role of B and T Lymphocytes in fighting off pathogens.. Self-tolerance: concept, significance. Mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance: deletion, anergy, regulatory T cells . Pathogenesis of autoimmunity: roles of susceptibility genes and environmental factors . Dr Nisar Anwar. FRCP(Edin),Accredited Renal Physician (UK). Professor & Head : Department Of Nephrology. KTH, Peshawar. TERMINOLOGY OF TRANSPLANTATION. Auto graft . (e.g. skin grafts for burns, etc.). Immune System. organs . and tissues that work together to protect the body from infection. Immune System. includes skin, white blood cells, and special proteins called antibodies. White Blood Cells. immune . . BCH462 [practical]. Objective:. - To learn the technique of . immunoelectrophoresis. .. -Precipitation . reactions are based on the interaction of antibodies and antigens. They are based on two soluble reactants that come together to make one insoluble product, the precipitate (. Blood Types. Determined by blood antigens. The antigens are protein markers or bumps on the surface of the red blood cells. There are three main antigens (proteins). A. B. Rh. factor (Rhesus factor) which determines positive/negative. Types of Antigen. Complete Antigen: Substances which can induce antibody formation by themselves. . Haptens: substances which are unable to induce antibody formation on its own but can become immunogenic, i.e., capable of inducing antibodies, when covalently linked to proteins known as carrier proteins.. Class Starter: . What are the different blood types that exist?. What determines what type of blood you have?. Why can you die if you were to receive an incompatible blood type?. What determines the different blood groups?. Assistant Professor. Department of Microbiology. AIIMS, Rishikesh. Learning objectives. By the end of this session student should be able to understand:. Central and peripheral tolerance. Theories of autoimmunity. Rh. Blood Groups, Blood Typing and Blood Transfusions. The discovery of blood groups. .  .                     . Experiments with blood transfusions, the transfer of blood or blood components into a person's blood stream, have been carried out for hundreds of years. Many patients have died and it was not until 1901, when the Austrian Karl Landsteiner discovered human blood groups, that blood transfusions became safer.. Dr. Suzan Y.. Antigen. :. It s a substance that may be specifically bound by an antibody (. Ab. ) molecule or T cell receptors (TCR). When this binding lead to the activation of B cells or T cells ,this substance is known as . 1. st. Lecture. Definitions. Immunity. . (. Latin . “. immunitas. ”) is a universal biological phenomenon that develops many programs based on the unique genotype of the body (“self”) in foreign surroundings, from the birth of the body to its death. There are two major types of immunity, . The following guidelines reflect the consensus of the OPTN/UNOS Histocompatibility Committee regarding state-of-the-art practicthat will serve the best interest of patients and help the OPTN/UNOS achi An . antigen. is anything that elicits an adaptive immune response. These are molecules that trigger a specific immune response, eg., components of bacterial cell wall, capsule, pili, flagella, external and internal proteins of viruses, fungi and protozoa, toxins, nonself foreign substances like proteins, nucleoproteins, polysaccharides, some glycoproteins.