Jenneys First Year Latin Lesson 20 Lesson 20 Vocabulary 1 st amp 2 nd Conj Perf System Passive Voice Perfect Passive Indicative Pluperfect Passive Indicative Future Perfect Passive Indicative ID: 771702
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Jenney’s First Year LatinLesson 20 Lesson 20 Vocabulary 1 st & 2 nd Conj., Perf. System, Passive Voice: Perfect Passive Indicative Pluperfect Passive Indicative Future Perfect Passive Indicative Ablative of (Personal) Agent Predicate Accusative
Lesson 20 Vocabulary
dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī , dēbitus to owe; ought
doceō, docēre, docuī , doctus to teach; show
prohibeō, prohibēre, prohibuī , prohibitus to prevent, keep…from… (< prō - + habeō , habēre , habuī , habitus ) [= hold out in front = hold off = prevent]
respondeō, respondēre, respondī , respōnsus to reply, answer
retineō, retinēre, retinuī , retentus to hold back (< re- + teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus )
terreō, terrēre, terruī , territus to frighten
1st-2nd Conjugation Perfect System, Passive Voice
Perfect System Passive & the 4th PP perfect system forms the passive voice using the 4 th PP of a verb 4 th PP = perfect passive participle participles = verbal adjectives , have qualities of verbs and adjectives verb qualities: tense & voice adjective qualities: gender, number, case must agree with subject in these three respects (case will be nom.) PPPs are declined like 2-1-2 (-us, -a, -um) adjectives for 3 rd person forms, if there is no nom. subject expressed, you determine the subject from the gender of the PPP (like substantives)
Perfect System Passive to form the perfect tenses in the passive, add a form of sum, esse , fuī , futūrus after the 4 th PP Perfect Passive : 4 th PP + pres. tense of sum, esse Pluperfect Passive : 4 th PP + impf. tense of sum, esse Future Perfect Passive : 4 th PP + fut. tense of sum, esse
Perfect Passive Indicative
Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st 2 nd 3 rd
Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) 2 nd 3 rd
Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum 2 nd 3 rd
Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum 2 nd es 3 rd
Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum 2 nd es 3 rd est
Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum oppugnātī (- ae , -a) 2 nd es 3 rd est
Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum oppugnātī (- ae , -a) sumus 2 nd es 3 rd est
Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum oppugnātī (- ae , -a) sumus 2 nd es estis 3 rd est
Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the present active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) sum oppugnātī (- ae , -a) sumus 2 nd es estis 3 rd est sunt
Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG 2 nd SG 3 rd SG 1 st PL 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) sum 2 nd SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) es 3 rd SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) est 1 st PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) sumus 2 nd PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) estis 3 rd PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) sunt
Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) sum I have been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) es 3 rd SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) est 1 st PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) sumus 2 nd PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) estis 3 rd PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) sunt
Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) sum I have been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) es you have been attacked 3 rd SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) est 1 st PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) sumus 2 nd PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) estis 3 rd PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) sunt
Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) sum I have been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) es you have been attacked 3 rd SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) est he ( she/it) has been attacked 1 st PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) sumus 2 nd PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) estis 3 rd PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) sunt
Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) sum I have been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) es you have been attacked 3 rd SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) est he ( she/it) has been attacked 1 st PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) sumus we have been attacked 2 nd PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) estis 3 rd PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) sunt
Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) sum I have been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) es you have been attacked 3 rd SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) est he ( she/it) has been attacked 1 st PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) sumus we have been attacked 2 nd PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) estis you (pl.) have been attacked 3 rd PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) sunt
Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + has/have been or was/were been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) sum I have been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) es you have been attacked 3 rd SG oppugnātus ( -a, -um) est he ( she/it) has been attacked 1 st PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) sumus we have been attacked 2 nd PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) estis you (pl.) have been attacked 3 rd PL oppugnātī ( - ae , -a) sunt they have been attacked
Perfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully: teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG 2 nd SG 3 rd SG 1 st PL 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Perfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully: teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus ( -a, -um) sum I have been held 2 nd SG 3 rd SG 1 st PL 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Perfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully: teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus ( -a, -um) sum I have been held 2 nd SG tentus ( -a, -um) es you have been held 3 rd SG 1 st PL 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Perfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully: teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus ( -a, -um) sum I have been held 2 nd SG tentus ( -a, -um) es you have been held 3 rd SG tentus ( -a, -um) est he ( she/it) has been held 1 st PL 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Perfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully: teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus ( -a, -um) sum I have been held 2 nd SG tentus ( -a, -um) es you have been held 3 rd SG tentus ( -a, -um) est he ( she/it) has been held 1 st PL tentī ( - ae , -a) sumus we have been held 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Perfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully: teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus ( -a, -um) sum I have been held 2 nd SG tentus ( -a, -um) es you have been held 3 rd SG tentus ( -a, -um) est he ( she/it) has been held 1 st PL tentī ( - ae , -a) sumus we have been held 2 nd PL tentī ( - ae , -a) estis you (pl.) have been held 3 rd PL
Perfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully: teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus ( -a, -um) sum I have been held 2 nd SG tentus ( -a, -um) es you have been held 3 rd SG tentus ( -a, -um) est he ( she/it) has been held 1 st PL tentī ( - ae , -a) sumus we have been held 2 nd PL tentī ( - ae , -a) estis you (pl.) have been held 3 rd PL tentī ( - ae , -a) sunt they have been held
Pluperfect Passive Indicative
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st 2 nd 3 rd
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) 2 nd 3 rd
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram 2 nd 3 rd
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram 2 nd erās 3 rd
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram 2 nd erās 3 rd erat
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram oppugnātī (- ae , -a) 2 nd erās 3 rd erat
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erāmus 2 nd erās 3 rd erat
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erāmus 2 nd erās erātis 3 rd erat
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the imperfect active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erāmus 2 nd erās erātis 3 rd erat erant
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + had been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG 2 nd SG 3 rd SG 1 st PL 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + had been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram 2 nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erās 3 rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erat 1 st PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erāmus 2 nd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erātis 3 rd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erant
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + had been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram I had been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erās 3 rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erat 1 st PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erāmus 2 nd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erātis 3 rd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erant
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + had been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram I had been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erās you had been attacked 3 rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erat 1 st PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erāmus 2 nd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erātis 3 rd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erant
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + had been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram I had been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erās you had been attacked 3 rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been attacked 1 st PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erāmus 2 nd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erātis 3 rd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erant
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + had been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram I had been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erās you had been attacked 3 rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been attacked 1 st PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erāmus we had been attacked 2 nd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erātis 3 rd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erant
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + had been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram I had been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erās you had been attacked 3 rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been attacked 1 st PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erāmus we had been attacked 2 nd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erātis you (pl.) had been attacked 3 rd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erant
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + had been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eram I had been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erās you had been attacked 3 rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been attacked 1 st PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erāmus we had been attacked 2 nd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erātis you (pl.) had been attacked 3 rd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erant they had been attacked
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully: teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG 2 nd SG 3 rd SG 1 st PL 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully: teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus (-a, -um) eram I had been held 2 nd SG 3 rd SG 1 st PL 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully: teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus (-a, -um) eram I had been held 2 nd SG tentus (-a, -um) erās you had been held 3 rd SG 1 st PL 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully: teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus (-a, -um) eram I had been held 2 nd SG tentus (-a, -um) erās you had been held 3 rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been held 1 st PL 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully: teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus (-a, -um) eram I had been held 2 nd SG tentus (-a, -um) erās you had been held 3 rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been held 1 st PL tentī (- ae , -a) erāmus we had been held 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully: teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus (-a, -um) eram I had been held 2 nd SG tentus (-a, -um) erās you had been held 3 rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been held 1 st PL tentī (- ae , -a) erāmus we had been held 2 nd PL tentī (- ae , -a) erātis you (pl.) had been held 3 rd PL
Pluperfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully: teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus (-a, -um) eram I had been held 2 nd SG tentus (-a, -um) erās you had been held 3 rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erat he (she/it) had been held 1 st PL tentī (- ae , -a) erāmus we had been held 2 nd PL tentī (- ae , -a) erātis you (pl.) had been held 3 rd PL tentī (- ae , -a) erant they had been held
Future Perfect Passive Indicative
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st 2 nd 3 rd
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) 2 nd 3 rd
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō 2 nd 3 rd
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō 2 nd eris 3 rd
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō 2 nd eris 3 rd erit
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō oppugnātī (- ae , -a) 2 nd eris 3 rd erit
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erimus 2 nd eris 3 rd erit
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erimus 2 nd eris eritis 3 rd erit
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Forming : take the PPP (4 th PP declined like 2-1-2 adj.) add the future active indicative forms of sum, esse oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack SG PL 1 st oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erimus 2 nd eris eritis 3 rd erit erunt
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG 2 nd SG 3 rd SG 1 st PL 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō 2 nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eris 3 rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erit 1 st PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erimus 2 nd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) eritis 3 rd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erunt
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō I will have been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eris 3 rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erit 1 st PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erimus 2 nd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) eritis 3 rd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erunt
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō I will have been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eris you will have been … 3 rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erit 1 st PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erimus 2 nd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) eritis 3 rd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erunt
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō I will have been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eris you will have been … 3 rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erit he (she, it) will have been … 1 st PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erimus 2 nd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) eritis 3 rd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erunt
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō I will have been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eris you will have been … 3 rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erit he (she, it) will have been … 1 st PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erimus we will have been … 2 nd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) eritis 3 rd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erunt
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō I will have been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eris you will have been … 3 rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erit he (she, it) will have been … 1 st PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erimus we will have been … 2 nd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) eritis you (pl.) will have been … 3 rd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erunt
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Translating : subj. pronoun + will have been + ________ ed oppugnō , oppugnāre , oppugnāvī , oppugnātus : to attack Latin English 1 st SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erō I will have been attacked 2 nd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) eris you will have been … 3 rd SG oppugnātus (-a, -um) erit he (she, it) will have been … 1 st PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erimus we will have been … 2 nd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) eritis you (pl.) will have been … 3 rd PL oppugnātī (- ae , -a) erunt they will have been …
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG 2 nd SG 3 rd SG 1 st PL 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus (-a, -um) erō I will have been held 2 nd SG 3 rd SG 1 st PL 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus (-a, -um) erō I will have been held 2 nd SG tentus (-a, -um) eris you will have been held 3 rd SG 1 st PL 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus (-a, -um) erō I will have been held 2 nd SG tentus (-a, -um) eris you will have been held 3 rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erit he (she/it) will have been held 1 st PL 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus (-a, -um) erō I will have been held 2 nd SG tentus (-a, -um) eris you will have been held 3 rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erit he (she/it) will have been held 1 st PL tentī (- ae , -a) erimus we will have been held 2 nd PL 3 rd PL
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus (-a, -um) erō I will have been held 2 nd SG tentus (-a, -um) eris you will have been held 3 rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erit he (she/it) will have been held 1 st PL tentī (- ae , -a) erimus we will have been held 2 nd PL tentī (- ae , -a) eritis you (pl.) will have been held 3 rd PL
Future Perfect Passive Indicative Practice : Form and translate fully teneō , tenēre , tenuī , tentus : to hold Latin English 1 st SG tentus (-a, -um) erō I will have been held 2 nd SG tentus (-a, -um) eris you will have been held 3 rd SG tentus (-a, -um) erit he (she/it) will have been held 1 st PL tentī (- ae , -a) erimus we will have been held 2 nd PL tentī (- ae , -a) eritis you (pl.) will have been held 3 rd PL tentī (- ae , -a) erunt they will have been held
Ablative of (Personal) Agent
Ablative of Agentwith a passive verb, the person by whom an action is performed is indicated by ā/ab + a noun in the abl. case this is only used with the passive voice the noun in the abl. is usually a person ā/ab always means “ by ” when used thus so, passive verb + ā/ab + abl. (person) = abl. of agent
Ablative of AgentE.G. : Fēminae sacrae ā virīs bonīs semper laudatae sunt . Sacred women have always been praised by good men . Inimīcus ā mīlite vulnerātus est . The enemy was wounded by the soldier .
Ablative of AgentN.B. : When you make a passive sentence active, the abl. of agent becomes the subject and the subject becomes the direct object. Fēminae sacrae ā virīs bonīs semper laudatae sunt . Sacred women have always been praised by good men . Virī bonī fēminās sacrās semper laudāvērunt . Good men have always praised sacred women.
Abl. of Agent vs. Abl. of MeansBe careful not to confuse the abl. of agent with the abl. of means Agent : ā/ab + (usually) person Means : no preposition is used, usually an object Mīlitēs nostrī ab hostibus vulnerātī erant . Our soldiers had been wounded by the enemy . Mīlitēs nostrī tēlīs vulnerātī erant . Our soldiers had been wounded by weapons .
Predicate Accusative
Predicate Accusative another use of the acc. case is the predicate accusative similar to the pred. nom. in that it provides more information or describes another word in the sentence pred. nom. describes the subject nominative pred. acc. describes the direct object pred. acc. will come after the acc. direct object predicate accusative is used with verbs of making, naming, choosing, calling, or appointing , e.g.: vocō , - āre , - āvī , - ātus : to call appellō , - āre , - āvī , - ātus : to name
Predicate Accusative E.G.: Vir fēminaque fīlium Mārcum appellant.
Predicate Accusative E.G.: Vir fēminaque fīlium Mārcum appellant.
Predicate Accusative E.G.: Vir fēminaque fīlium Mārcum appellant. The man and woman name their son Marcus . Mīlitēs ducem imperatōrem vocant .
Predicate Accusative E.G.: Vir fēminaque fīlium Mārcum appellant. The man and woman name their son Marcus . Mīlitēs ducem imperatōrem vocant . Soldiers call their leader a commander .
Predicate Accusative N.B. : in the passive voice , these verbs (naming, calling, etc.) will take a predicate nominative , e.g.: Fīlius ā virō fēmināque Mārcus appellātur . The son is called Marcus by the man and woman. Dux ā mīlitibus imperātor vocātur . A leader is called commander by his soldiers.