Chapter 11 Latin AmericaLatin Music Here Latin Music Latin American Music Latin America large and culturally diverse region of the world encompassing all of South America and the various nations and territories of Central America Mexico and the Caribbean ID: 497541
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Latin American Music" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Latin American Music
Chapter 11Slide2
Latin America/Latin Music
Here, “Latin Music” = Latin American Music
Latin America = “large and culturally diverse region of the world encompassing all of South America and the various nations and territories of Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean”
(N. B. Some scholars include only Spanish/Portuguese-speaking nations – we’ll think more broadly) Slide3
Latin American Music Defined
1
. Any music originating from anywhere in this vast region, as well as
musics
of
diasporic
Latino communities in North America, Europe, etc.2. A host of popular dance-music genres that originated in or derived from the island of Cuba, having experienced significant histories of development in the United States and Puerto Rico, and with histories of transmission closely tied to the U.S./international commercial music industry and mass media distribution.Hubs: NYC, Miami, SF, LA, plus Paris, London, and even TokyoSlide4
Whirlwind Survey
Brazil
Portuguese
Samba
Diverse styles, all with African
musicultural
roots Common features:Percussion instrumentsDriving rhythms Polyrhythmic textures Call-and-responseImprovisational elements
Samba-enredo (theme samba) – Carnaval, Rio de Janeiro
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTc3pv7d5vYBatucada
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQLvGghaDbE
Slide5
Bossa
Nova
South Zone of Rio
Mainly middle-class, white\
Samba from
favelas surrounding city Antonio Carlos (Tom) Jobim, Joao and Astrud Gilberto, Stan Getz 1964—Getz/Gilberto – “Girl from Ipanema”
Batida guitar style (Gilberto) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5QfXjsoNe4Laid-back vocals influenced by Frank Sinatra, Sarah Vaughan
CD 1-27 -- Paul Desmond Quartet “Wave” (Jobim) -- 1974 Slide6
Cannibalism
Post-1964 “period of crisis” in Brazil
Military coup and subsequent totalitarian regime (US supported)
Beatlemania
/British invasion
Cannibalist
Manifesto (Oswald de Andrade – 1928)Lorraine Leu: Manifesto “attacked both a purist view of national culture and wholesale imitation of foreign models….advocated a selective devouring of elements of foreign culture which would then be absorbed and transformed into Brazilian cultural products.” Slide7
Tropicália
One musical outcome:
tropicália
Caetano
Veloso
, Gilberto Gil Veloso: “By using electric guitars in melodic compositions with elements of Argentine tango and African things from Bahia, we assumed a posture of ‘being-in-the world’—we rejected the role of the Third World country living in the shadow of more developed countries.” Os Mutantes -- “A Minha Menina” (CD 1-1)
“Bat Macumba” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqKBCJL4GNoMini-documentary:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6-UzHZGZ4MSlide8
Tango
Argentina (Buenos Aires), Uruguay (Hugo Diaz, “
Fueye
,”
CD 4-1
)
Dance: “vertical expression of a horizontal desire” Emerged in the tough, poor, ethnically mixed port district of Buenos Aires among the porteños.“Golden Age” of tango, 1920s-30s Carlos Gardél
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQFcpuYi8L4Slide9
Nuevo Tango
Astor
Piazzolla
Bandonéon
Perfomed with Gardel, etc.Studied composition in Paris with Nadia BoulangerNuevo tango style: tango, jazz, new music synthesishttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZQ_YwcpoIw&list=RDreerrtJ6DOQ&index=11Yo-Yo Ma group performing Piazzolla’s “
Libertango”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUAPf_ccobc
“Libertango” – Moscow Philharmonic, tango dancers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdhTodxH7Gw&index=6&list=RDGcxv7i02lXc
Slide10
Andean Panpipes
Andes: Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador
Ayllu
performance,
julajula
, Bolivian Andes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxE6MttSkCICD 4-2 (Stobart) Folkoric – CD 2-6
“Ratita” UkamauRoots: Abalos
BrothersAndean folkloric/pophttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkPTiJvJHF8
Simon & Garfunkel “El Condor
Pasa
/If I Could” (Los Incas
) [“I’d Rather be a Hammer…”] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxc0hQrJX4ASlide11
Mariachi
CD 1-20
– “
Cielito
Lindo
” Stereotyping (Frito Bandito)Mariachi in Los AngelesMariachi Los Camperos de Nati Cano La Fonda (restaurant), Linda Ronstadt Canciones de Mi Padrehttps://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9KQbbheFcM&list=RDh9KQbbheFcM#t=31Slide12
Steel Band
(CD 1-30)
Trinidad and Tobago
Steelpan
(pan, steel drum, steel band)
55-gallon oil drums
Afro-Trinidadian innovation (post WW II) Carnival Like Carnaval in Brazil, associated with Pre-Lenten celebrations (also Mardi Gras, New Orleans) Panorama competitionhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
G2o5-6BSiMSlide13
Cuban Roots of Latin Dance Music
Afro-Cuban
Batá
drumming
(CD 4-3)
Santéria
(Regla de Ocha) – Orisha ritual musichttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68zJfDc_pGc&list=RDid8E60-n2x8&index=12Rumba
(CD 4-4)Rumba guaguancó
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaNfdh0iWCgClave (rhythm), claves (inst.), conga drums, palitosSlide14
Spanish Roots (Cuba)
Creolized dance styles
Contradanza
Danzón
Danzón
-mambo Disenchantment with Spanish colonial rule partially inspired the grafting of African-derived elements onto these dances and their musics. Slide15
Charanga
Charanga
“sweet-sounding” ensemble
Wooden flute, two + violins, piano,
string bass, guiro, timbales, (maracas)
Became standard ensemble for
danzón and later danzón-mambo (which added conga drums, bongos, cowbell to timbales “drum set”—influences from son) Danzón-mambo would ultimately feed into both cha cha chá
and big band mambo, which would in turn coalesce in the style of Tito Puente’s “Oye Como Va,” to which we will return.
Slide16
Cha Cha
Chá
“El
Bodeguero
,” by Enrique
Jorrin, performed by Orquesta Aragon (1979) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZE4niTFlds4&list=RDG1FDC2QKHNw&index=8CD 4-5 – “El Bodeguero” (
Grupo Cimarrón, Cuba) Traditional arrangement but
with synthesizers, no violins Slide17
MGT: Latin Percussion Rhythms of the Cha
C
ha
C
há
Timbales Guiro MaracasCongas (tumbao) Bongó(Clave) Slide18
Mambo (Big Band Mambo)
Pérez Prado “Mambo #5” (1949)
Mambo kings (
mambo craze)
– early 1950s, New York
Machito
, Tito Puente, Tito Rodríguez Palladium – Latin dance bands Slide19
Big Band Mambo – Musical Style
Mambo style
Big band
instrumentation,
plus Cuban
son
percussion section (timbales, congas, bongo, plus cowbells, claves, guiro, maracas, etc.) Textures—layered ostinatos throughout band, riffsDriving, Afro-Cuban percussion rhythmsJazz influencesFast tempos, highly energetic playingAbsence, or at least limited use, of singingSlide20
Mambo Examples
CD 4-6, “
Sambia
,” by
Machito
and the Afro-Cubans.
Jazz-style intro, layered riffs/C&R (horns), rhythms Tito Puente, “Mambo Gozon” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Un5vmaN3LMMSlide21
“Oye
Como
Va
” – Tito Puente
Brought together the
cha
cha chá, big band mambo instrumentation, textures, and stylistic elementsCD 4-7 Original Tito Puente “Oye Como Va” (1963, El Rey Bravo, pp. 252-255)
Syncopated organ and bass riffsMinor key (A minor) distinctive re: other cha chasInstrumental mambo sections (w. layered horn riffs)
Flute cha cha/charanga-likeSlide22
“Oye
Como
Va
” – Santana
CD 4-8
(1970,
Abraxas, pp. 255-61) Latin rock Same: Tune, key, tempo, text, singing style, cha cha chá groove, basic form of arrangement Different:
Electric guitar (Carlos S.) part “replaces” horn section and flute, cha cha chá + rock drum set, Hammond B-3 (blues/rock style of solo), inst. mambo sections of arrangement “replaced” by improvised guitar and organ solosSlide23
Santana – videos
Santana live at Woodstock (“Soul Sacrifice”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqZceAQSJvc
Santana live, “
Oye
Como
Va”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoIqXz2AIFsSlide24
Beyond the Music
Santana “
Oye
” success “revives” Puente’s career
Latin bands decline through 1960s
Cuba, Castro, Cold War politics
Rock ‘n’ roll, rock, BeatlemaniaSantana shifted pendulumPuente – larger venues, festivals, etc. Renewed interest in Latin music in U.S. led to salsa and Latin jazz (NYC), 1970s, with Puente as “king” of both“Salsa explosion,” 1970sPan-Latino movementCrystallized 1970sMusic, Puente, Santana, plus others (Ruben Blades) significant
Slide25
Salsa, Latin jazz
Overlapping genres: salsa more singing and dance-oriented, Latin jazz more instrumental and improvisation-oriented
“Salsa explosion,” 1970s
Puente, Cruz, Blades,
Fania
All-Stars,
Aguabella, etc.“Qimbara” – Celia Cruz, Tito Puente, Poncho Sanchezhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zm2C5hx4sI0Fania All-Stars, Yankee Stadium, 1973 (start at 4:54) https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaG_8tFlwlk&list=RDyaG_8tFlwlk#t=3Rubén Blades (start at 6:17), Panama https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=cajSyWbCTWUFrancisco Aguabella (CD 4-9 “
Nena
” )
Latin Jazz Band, “Yesterdays”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePrQ7mffvDAAguabella, Giovanni Hidalgo, Anthony Carrillo (bongó
) feat. w. Eddie
Palmieri
(percussion feature 3:07-4:32)
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5t2oXWeZJcSlide26
Stars and Legends Slide27
Tito Puente Jr. “Oye
Como
Va
”
CD
4-10
Tito Puente Jr. “Oye Como Va” (2004 – TPJ: Greatest Club Remixes) Original: Guarachando (1996)La India, Tito Puente (Sr.)Synths replace horns (simplified riffs)
Solos: timbales (no melodic insts)Sampled/heavily processed B3“Latin dance”/cha
cha chá groovesTPJ band live “Oye
Como
Va
” (traditional style) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IF-A-SBRWDc
Last-ever live performance of “Oye” by Tito Puentehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZQh4IL7unMSlide28