States of Consciousness Brain States and Consciousness 1 Consciousness A wareness of self amp environment Sleeping daydreaming hypnosis drug induced hallucinating mediation 2 Selective ID: 776670
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Slide1
Sleeping&dreaming
Unit 2C:
States of Consciousness
Slide2Brain States and Consciousness
1. ConsciousnessAwareness of self & environmentSleeping, daydreaming, hypnosis, drug induced hallucinating, mediation2. Selective attentionFocusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulusWe are NOT good multi-taskersAttend well to 1 thing at a time3. Inattentional blindness Failure to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhereThis happens when we are selectively attending to something in our environment (basketball/gorilla)
ALTERED STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Yuri
Arcurs
/ INSADCO Photography /
Alamy
Slide3Clowning Around
HARD TO MISS? Would you notice a clown unicyclingpast you on campus? In this study, most students on cell phones did notnotice the clown; students who were off the phone generally did notice.
Hyman, et al, 2009
Slide4CHANGE BLINDNESS
While a man (white hair) provides directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely pass between them carrying a door. During this interruption, the original worker switches places with another person wearing different colored clothing. Most people, focused on their direction giving, do not notice the switch.
4. Change Blindness: While focusing your attention on something else you do not notice
unimportant
changes in stimuli.
Slide5Read pages 51-52 and define terms 5. Circadian rhythmRemREM Rebound8. Chart on page 52 (2.31)
HOMEWORK
Slide6Directions
Dream Analysis Report
Slide7Explain three attentional principles that magicians may use to fool us.
Our selective attention allows us to focus on only a limited portion of our surroundings.
Inattentional
blindness explains why we don’t perceive some things when we are distracted by others.
And
change blindness happens when we fail to notice a relatively unimportant change in our environment.
All
these principles help magicians fool us, as they direct our attention elsewhere to perform their tricks.
Slide8Sleep and Dreams
5
. Circadian
rhythm
Internal biological clock of 24-hour cycle of day and night
Altered by age and experience
Slide96
. REM
(rapid eye movement
)
R
ecurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly
occur
Paradoxical sleep
7. REM rebound
Tendency
for REM sleep
to increase
following REM sleep
deprivation
Slide10Sleep
Brain waves and sleep stages The beta waves of an alert, waking state and the regular alpha waves of an awake, relaxed state differ from the slower, larger delta waves of deep Stage 3&4 sleepAlthough the rapid REM sleep waves resemble the near-waking NREM-1 sleep waves, the body is more aroused during REM sleep than during NREM sleep
8
.
Slide11MEASURING SLEEP ACTIVITY
As this man sleeps, attached electrodes are picking upweak electrical signals from his brain, eyes, and facial muscles. (From Dement, 1978.)
Hank Morgan / Science Source
Slide129
. Sleep
Periodic
, natural loss of consciousness
—as
distinct from unconsciousness resulting
from a
coma, general anesthesia, or
hibernation
Slide1310. Sleep Stages (chart)Typical Nights Sleep
Slide14Typical Nights Sleep
Slide15Typical Nights Sleep
Slide16Typical Nights Sleep
Slide17Typical Nights Sleep
Slide18What
are
the five sleep
stages, and in what order do we normally travel through those stages
?
Can you match the cognitive experience with the sleep stage
?
1.
Stage 1
a. story-like dreams
2.
Stage 3&4
b
. fleeing images
3.
REM c. minimal awareness
Slide1911. Sleep Theories
Possible
reasons why sleep evolved
Sleep protects
Sleep helps us recover
Sleep helps us remember
Sleep feeds creative thinking
Sleep supports growth
Slide20What five theories explain our need
for sleep
?
Slide21Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Disorders
12. Effects of sleep lossSlows reactions Increases errors on visual attention tasksReduced concentration that may lead to “cyber-loafing”Immune system depressionRisk of depression
SLEEPLESS AND SUFFERING These fatigued, sleep-deprived earthquake rescue workers in Chinamay experience a depressed immune system, impaired concentration, and greater vulnerability to accidents.
Uriel
Sinai/ Getty Images
Slide22HOW SLEEP DEPRIVATION AFFECTS US
Slide23TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS
On the Monday after the spring time change, when people lose one hour of sleep, accidents increased, as compared with the Monday before. In the fall, traffic accidents normally increase because of greater snow, ice, and darkness, but they diminished after the time change.
Slide24Sleep: Major Disorders
13. Insomnia
R
ecurring
problems in falling or
staying asleep
14. Narcolepsy
S
leep
disorder in which a
person has
uncontrollable sleep attacks,
sometimes lapsing
directly into REM
sleep
15. Sleep
apnea
S
leep
disorder in which a
sleeping person
repeatedly stops breathing
until blood
oxygen is so low it awakens the
person just
long enough to draw a
breath
Slide2516. Better Night’s Sleep?
Slide26Dreams
17. DreamSequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind18. Manifest contentAccording to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream19. Latent contentAccording to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream
Slide27Dreams
2-
18 What do we dream about, and
what are
five theories of why we dream?
Slide28What five theories explain why we dream?
Slide29