Workbook page 19 Tonights Homework Workbook page 21 Ancient River Valley Civilizations ANCIENT EGYPT Nile River Mummies Pharaohs Rameses King Tutankhamen Hieroglyphics Egyptian civilization ID: 533794
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Slide1
Today’s Bell Ringer
Workbook page 19
Tonight’s Homework
Workbook page 21Slide2
Ancient River Valley CivilizationsSlide3Slide4
ANCIENT EGYPT
Nile River
MummiesPharaohsRamesesKing TutankhamenHieroglyphics Slide5Slide6Slide7
Egyptian civilization
Egyptian civilization arose a bit after Mesopotamia.
Geography: It was centered around the Nile River.Slide8
The Nile RiverSlide9
Why did the Ancient Egyptians believe the
Nile River was a gift?Slide10
Ancient Egypt
3200-500 BC
LocationNorth Africa Natural barriers: Mediterranean Sea, Sahara Desert, Red SeaResult = less prone to invasion.Nile RiverWorld’s longest river (4000 miles)“Gift of the Nile” annual flooding that deposits rich soil.BenefitsEasy communication.
Transportation.
Ample water supply.Slide11
Egyptian Society
Egyptian Kingdoms become one.
Menes: Unified Lower & Upper Egypt around 3100 BC.Religious BeliefsPolytheistic: belief in many gods controlling earth.Mummification: process of preseriving the dead.Afterlife Happy Field of Food or Devourer of SoulsPharaohs: god-kings of Egypt.Chief gods: Isis, Osiris, Amon
-Re, Anubis
Kingdoms of the NileSlide12
Old Kingdom
2650-2134 BC
Middle Kingdom
2040-1640 BC
New Kingdom
1550-1070 BC
Achievements
Built enormous tombs & pyramids.
Land drained for farming.
Traded with lands along the Red & Mediterranean Sea.
Decline
Power struggles, crop failures, & cost of pyramids.
Hittites invaded & conquered.
Nubians, then others, invaded.Slide13
Pyramids
These are the Giza pyramids, the most famous.
Pyramids were tombs for the kings.These were built in 3500 B.C.E.How old are they?Slide14Slide15
Political:Egyptian Pharaohs
Egyptians were led by Pharaohs.
They were priest-kingsKing Tut is the most famousUsing computers, this image was reconstructed using his remainsSlide16
TutankhamunSlide17
Tutankhamun on the throne
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmkDPaHSBzg
Slide18
Abu
Simbel was built by Ramses II https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8oP5ZvDb70 Slide19
Hatshepsut: First Female Pharaoh
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bYRy_wZEJI
Slide20
Mummies
Egyptians who could afford to do so would have themselves mummified.
They believed in a better afterlife if their body was preserved.Slide21
The Egyptians took out all of the internal organs, except the heart. When they removed them the
organs were put in canopic jars, that were put in the tomb with the mummy. They did not take out the heart because it was believed to be the intelligence and emotion of the person. The Egyptians
thought
the brain had no significant value, so they took it out through the nose. The body was packed and covered with natron (a salty drying agent). After this the body was left
for 40-50 days.
Slide22
Mummies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gD0K7oH92U
Slide23
Egyptians wrote in hieroglyphicsSlide24
HieroglyphicsSlide25
What did Egyptians write on?
Ancient Egyptians used
papyrus, a substance derived from the plant of the same namehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dT4FwLaYD6k Slide26
The Great Sphinx is located on the Giza plateau, about six miles
west of Cairo.Slide27
Nubia
People around the world have learned about the glorious past of the Egyptian empire, but most have failed to learn of the Nubia, which was sometimes even stronger than the Egyptian empire. Nubia rivaled Egypt in wealth and power, and mutually influenced each other. Slide28
The Egyptians called them the Kush. The Kush was comparable with Egypt, and both states communicated with each other constantly. Today we do not hear of Nubia nor Kush.
It’s located in modern day Northern
Sudan. With the construction of the Aswan high dam in the 1960s, Nubian land was flooded and that forced some 100,000 Nubians to seek new homes in Egyptian and Sudanese cities. Nubia's glorious past is now under water.Slide29
Egyptian Economy
Although Egypt looks really sophisticated, the economy is a
traditional economy based on farming and trade.Egyptians traded up and down the Nile, with Mesopotamians and sometimes with Indus Valley (in Pakistan)Slide30
Egyptian Society
The ancient Egyptian people were grouped in a hierarchical system with the Pharaoh at the top and farmers and slaves at the bottom. The groups of people nearest the top of society were the richest and most powerful. The diagram above shows the structure of ancient Egyptian society.Slide31
The
Pharaoh
was believed to be a God on earth and had the most power. He was responsible for making laws and keeping order, ensuring that Egypt was not attacked or invaded by enemies and for keeping the Gods happy so that the Nile flooded and there was a good harvest.The Vizier was the Pharaoh's chief advisor and was sometimes also the High Priest. He was responsible for overseeing administration and all official documents had to have his seal of approval. He was also responsible for the supply of food, settling disputes between nobles and the running and protection of the Pharaoh's household.Slide32
Nobles
ruled the regions of Egypt (
Nomes). They were responsible for making local laws and keeping order in their region.Priests were responsible for keeping the Gods happy. They did not preach to people but spent their time performing rituals and ceremonies to the God of their temple.Slide33
Scribes
were the only people who could read and write and were responsible for keeping records. The ancient Egyptians recorded things such as how much food was produced at harvest time, how many soldiers were in the
army, numbers of workers and the number of gifts given to the Gods.Soldiers were responsible for the defense of the country. Many second sons, including those of the Pharaoh often chose to join the army. Soldiers were allowed to share riches captured from enemies and were also rewarded with land for their service to the country. Slide34
Craftsmen
were skilled workers such as - pottery makers, leatherworkers, sculptors, painters, weavers, jewelry makers, shoe makers, tailors. Groups of craftsmen often worked together in workshops.
Farmers worked the land of the Pharaoh and nobles and were given housing, food and clothes in return.Some farmers rented land from nobles and had to pay a percentage of their crop as their rent.Slide35
There were no
slave
markets or auctions in Ancient Egypt. Slaves were usually prisoners captured in war. Slaves could be found in the households of the Pharaoh and nobles, working in mines and quarries and also in temples.Slide36
Today’s Bell Ringer
Workbook page 25
Tonight’s Homework
Workbook page 27 & 29Slide37
The Egyptians called them the Kush. The Kush was comparable with Egypt, and both states communicated with each other constantly. Today we do not hear of Nubia nor Kush. In its place is
northern
Sudan. With the construction of the Aswan high dam in the 1960s, Nubian land was flooded and that forced some 100,000 Nubians to seek new homes in Egyptian and Sudanese cities. Nubia's glorious past is now under water.Slide38
Egyptian economy
Although Egypt looks really sophisticated, the economy is a
traditional economy based on farming and trade.Egyptians traded up and down the Nile, with Mesopotamians and sometimes with Indus Valley (in Pakistan)