On February 19 1942 Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 120000 people of Japanese descent living in the US were removed from their homes and placed in interment camps ID: 793955
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Slide1
Japanese Internment Camps in America
On
February 19, 1942, Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066.
-120,000
people of Japanese descent living in the US
were removed
from
their homes
and placed in interment
camps
-fear of Japanese spies among them
-racism
-2/3 were American citizens
-1/2 were children
-none had ever shown disloyalty to the U.S.
-some families separated
**During
the entire war only ten people were convicted of spying for Japan and these were all Caucasian.
Slide2-Japanese Americans tried hard to show loyalty to the U.S.
-Had to sell lands cheap for a quick sale or leave them
-Many came home to destroyed or stolen property
-Camps were located in remote, dry areas with poor soil
Slide3442
nd
Regimental Combat Team
-The most decorated unit for its size and length of service
in American military history.
-consisted on Nisei (second generation Japanese Americans)
-faced discrimination
-many fought while families were locked in the internment
camps
Slide4"
Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima
.“
-Major
Howard Connor,
5th
Marine Division signal
officer
Navajo Code Talkers
-421 volunteer Navajo from reservations
-Marines
-involved in every U.S. offensive assault in the Pacific from 1942-45
-created a complicated code based on the Navajo language
-also used in Korean War
-kept secret until 1968
-Japanese never broke the code
-only spoken code in the world never broken
-Example: "
besh
- lo" (iron fish) meant "submarine
,“
"dah-he-
tih
-hi"
(
hummingbird) meant "fighter plane"
"
debeh
-li-zine" (black street) meant "squad."
Slide5Tuskegee Airmen
-
First black military aviators
-flew with distinction
-earned over 150 Distinguished Flying Crosses
-996 pilots, and 15,500 combat men
-helped pave way for integration of armed forces
by President Harry Truman
in 1948.
Slide6-7 code talkers die in combat
-none are ever captured
-all had a body guard to protect them from others in
their own group because they sometimes looked Japanese
-all were denied their benefits from the G.I. Bill because
they lived on a reservation which as “federal” lands.
Slide7Home Front - Minorities
-
Great Migration continues north and west
-many defense industries would not hire blacks
-a few would hire blacks for only menial jobs
-As
the war progressed, severe labor
shortages ultimately brought
African-Americans into
war industries
.
-faced hostilities from employers and whites
Slide8The Home front - Women
**Women go to Work Again
-fill vacancies in all areas
-
Increased Divorce Rates
-
War Widows
-”latchkey” kids- -home alone
-
juvenile delinquency
,
disease
, truancy
rose
dramatically
-
daycare centers emerged
Slide9Women In the Service
Women’s Army Corps (WACS) (WAAC)
women's branch of the United States Army
Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service (WAVES)
Women’s branch of the United States Navy
Slide10Rosie the Riveter
While the image of the woman worker was important during the war, the prewar image of women as wives and mothers by no means disappeared.
Mainstream
society accepted temporary changes brought about by a war, but considered them undesirable on a permanent basis.
The
public reminded women that their greatest asset was their ability to take care of their homes and that career women would not find a
husband.
Slide11Bracero (Mexican) workers
Bracero Program made because of need for
manual labor in WWII
-started with a few hundred Mexican workers to harvest sugar
beets in California
-spread over most of the U.S.
-also brought Mexican workers for
unskilled railroad jobs
-By 1945, there were 75,000 in railroad
system and 50,000 in ag
-Railroad program ended with end of WWII
-Ag program lasted until 1964
Slide12The Home front - rationing
The government also forced Americans to ration certain goods.
Gasoline, rubber, metal, sugar, butter and meat.
Many, even children, collected scrap materials to give to the war effort.
Rationing allowed the soldiers to have the necessary supplies needed in war. People were issued ration books that limited what they could buy.
This and other measures help fund the war.