Lipid chemistry Lipid chemistry Definition Fats and Oils triglyceride Waxes Steroids Fat soluble vitamins Phospholipid Mono di glycerides Lipid compounds including Classification of Lipids ID: 579125
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Slide1
CHEMISTRY OF LIPIDSSlide2
Lipid chemistry Slide3
Lipid chemistry
Definition Slide4
Fats and Oils (triglyceride) WaxesSteroidsFat- soluble vitaminsPhospholipidMono- di glycerides Lipid compounds including: Slide5
Classification of LipidsSlide6
Simple lipids
They are esters of FA with various alcohols
The type of alcohols these are subclassified as Slide7
Neutral Fats or Oils
Fats and oils are
also called
triglycerides
.
esters of glycerol+ 3 FASlide8
WAXES
EXAMPLES
Beeswax
When hydrolysis of waxes gives : one
fatty acid +
alcoholSlide9
Result of hydrolysis gives FA with alcohol and containing additional[prosthetic] groups.
Subclassified according to the type of prosthetic group
Complex lipidsSlide10
FA + ALCOHOL + PHOSPHORIC ACID
Phospholipids
They frequently have nitrogen containing basesSlide11
Phospholipids may be classified on the basis of the type of alcohol presentPhospholipids Slide12
A. Glycerophospholipids
B. Spingophospholipids
Alcohol is GLYCEROL
Alcohol is SPINGOSINE
Examples
Plasmalogens
Cardiolipins
Examples
Spingomyelins Slide13
FA + ALCOHOL[SPINGOSINE] +CARBOHYDRATE WITH NITROGEN BASE They do not contain phosphate group
Example
Cerebrosides
Gangliosides
Glycolipids Slide14
Chylomicrons Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)Low density lipoprotein (LDL)High density lipoprotein (HDL)
Lipoproteins
Lipid with prosthetic group PROTEINSlide15Slide16
Derived from lipids (simple or complex)or precursors of lipids
Derived lipidsSlide17
Functions of lipidsSlide18
Fatty acids
are
long-chain carboxylic acids.
typically 12-18 carbon atoms.
insoluble in water.
saturated or unsaturated.Slide19
Fatty acids aresaturated with all single C–C bonds.
unsaturated
with one or more double C=C bonds.
are solids at room temperature
are liquids at room temperature.Slide20
Solubility in polar and nonpolar solventEmulsification Oxidation of unsaturation FAQualitative analysis of detection in natural products ( salkowski reaction)
Chemical tests for:
Precursor of many steroid hormones, vitamin DSlide21
Solubility in polar and nonpolar solventReagents Olive oil (vegetable oil), butter (animal fat),
stearic acid (saturated fatty acid), oleic acid (unsaturated fatty acid),
Solvents: dilute acid and alkali solutions, cold alcohol, hot alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether and carbon tetrachloride.
Procedure
1
.
Add a 2drops of the liquid fat or 0.1 g of the solid fat in labeled test tubes.
2. To each test tube add a 1 ml of solvent and write down your observations.
3. Repeat the experiment with a different solvent and make your observations. Slide22
ReagentsNeutral olive oil, 0.5 % Na2C03, Rancid olive oil Procedure
1. Shake up a drop of neutral olive oil with a little water in a test tube, the fat becomes finally divided forming an emulsion, upon standing fat separates and rises to the top.
2. To 5 ml water in a test tube add 2 to 3 drops of 0.5 percent Na
2
CO
3
. Introduce a drop of neutral olive oil and shake, the emulsion is not permanent and is not so transitory.
3. Repeat step 2 using rancid olive oil. In this case the alkali combines with the free fatty acids to form soap and the soap being an emulsifying agent, it emulsifies the fat.
2- EmulsificationSlide23
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (no mixable). Bile Salts Synthesized from cholesterol and stored in the gallbladder When you eat fat, the bile salts act as soap and help emulsify the large globules of fat.
2- Emulsification
A. Two
immiscible liquids, not yet emulsified
B. An emulsion of Phase II dispersed in Phase I
C. The unstable emulsion
progressively
separates
D. The
surfactant
stabilizing
the emulsionSlide24
Into test tube place one drop of oil and 3 ml of Na2CO3Warm it slightly and drop solution KMnO4 .after each drop the violet color disappearThe end of the reaction recognized by ppt brown solid MnO2 Oxidation of unsaturation FASlide25
4-Qualitative analysis of detection in natural products ( salkowski reaction)Slide26Slide27
27RC
O
H
O
Carboxylic Acid Alcohol Ester
R OH
R
C
O
R
O