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Ch.8 The Rise of Islam 600-1200 Ch.8 The Rise of Islam 600-1200

Ch.8 The Rise of Islam 600-1200 - PowerPoint Presentation

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Ch.8 The Rise of Islam 600-1200 - PPT Presentation

Kaba in Mecca go Main Idea Details Notemaking Origins Technology Arabs of 600 CE lived exclusively in the Arabian peninsula and desert fringes of Syria Jordan Iraq The Sasanids Persian empire used ID: 260721

empire women islam arabs women empire arabs islam islamic spain notemaking main idea details christian spread camel religious caliphate

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Slide1

Ch.8 The Rise of Islam 600-1200Slide2

Ka’ba in MeccaSlide3

go

Main Idea

Details

Notemaking

Origins

Technology

Arabs of 600 CE lived exclusively in the Arabian peninsula and desert fringes of Syria, Jordan, Iraq.

The

Sasanids

(Persian empire) used

Bedouins

(nomadic Arabs) to protect their empire from invasion. The

Byzantines (Christian Empire)

did the same.

The interior Arabs remained isolated and that is where Islam emerged.

Camel saddle

contributed to the dominance of

caravan

cities. Wheels disappeared as pack animals replaced the wheel.

Berbers

used the camel saddle to cross the Sahara after it was introduced by the Arabs.Slide4

Bedouin Camel CaravanSlide5

go

Main Idea

Details

Notemaking

Politics

Economy

After Muhammad’s death in 632, the Arabs conquests gave birth to a dynamic and religious society known as the

Islamic Caliphate (empire ruled by a Caliph- political and religious leader)

also known as

Dar al Islam (house of submission).

Stretched from

Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal)

to the Indus Valley.

Arabs ruled over largely non-Arab, non-Muslim populations. Christians and Jews did not have to convert, but they did have to pay extra taxes.

Umayyad Caliphate fell in 750 (except in Spain). Abbasid Caliphate fell to the Mongols in 1258. Marks the end of Islamic Empires.

Urban, trade based.

Introduced standard coinage (gold dinars) which spread from Morocco to China.

Spread sugar, cotton and citrus crops.Slide6

Islamic EmpireSlide7

go

Main Idea

Details

Notemaking

Society

women lived in seclusion and covered themselves if they left the home. This practice already existed in the Byzantine empire (Christian) and

Sasanid

Iran.

Men could have sexual relations with as many slave concubine women as he pleased, but could only marry up to 4 women.

Islamic law granted women greater status than Christian or Jewish law. Women could own property, get a cash payment upon divorce and remarry. Could testify in court (but counted half as a man). Still, Koran has misogynist undertones, “I was raised up to heaven and saw that most of its denizens were poor people; I was raised into the hellfire and saw that most its denizens were women.”

Islam allowed slavery but forbade Muslims from enslaving other Muslims (or people of the book-Jews and Christians).

Offspring of slave women and Muslim men were born free.Slide8

Alhambra Palace in Andalusia SpainSlide9

Alhambra Palace in Andalusia SpainSlide10

Mosaic TilesSlide11

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Main Idea

Details

Notemaking

Intellectual

Some writers extolled homosexual relationships since male lovers could appear in public and travel.

Madrasas

(religious schools) were the first universities.

Arabic language spread across North Africa.

Sufism

, mystical form of Islam which tried to create a direct union with God. Known for poetry.

Mosaic

tiles and architecture formed basis of Islamic art (not allowed to depict human form).

Major contributions in poetry, math, science, medicine, sea exploration

astrolabe

, and preservation of Greek and Roman knowledge.