CHAPTER 10 NORTHERN EUROPE Part 1 physical geography COUNTRIES OF NORTHERN EUROPE Norway and Sweden on the Scandinavian Peninsula Denmark on Jutland Peninsula juts in to the North Sea ID: 614551
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UNIT 4: EUROPESlide2
CHAPTER 10: NORTHERN EUROPE
Part 1: physical geographySlide3
COUNTRIES OF NORTHERN EUROPE
Norway and Sweden on the Scandinavian Peninsula
Denmark on Jutland Peninsula (“juts” in to the North
Sea)
Finland is eastern most country in region
Iceland located in North Atlantic OceanSlide4
LANDFORMS
GLACIATION
: process by which glaciers form and spread
Formed
FJORDS
: long, steep-sided valley now filled with seawater
Flattened out plains while making mts steeper and more ruggedSlide5
LANDFORMS CONT
Ice was 1 mile thick and pressed the down the ground
Ice melts, ground begins to rise (continental rebound)
Helped to create numerous rivers and islandsSlide6
NORWAY AND SWEDEN LANDFORMS
Northern area is mountainous
Southern Sweden is gently sloping lowlands
Numerous lakes
Numerous fjords on Atlantic coastSlide7
LANDFORMS OF FINLAND
Mostly flat
Few hills and mountains
10% covered with lakes and rivers
Thousands of offshore islandsSlide8
LANDFORMS OF ICELAND
C. 200 volcanoes (
Eyjafjallajökull
)
Frequent volcanic activity/earthquakes
Straddles Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Tectonic activity allows for GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: energy conversion; captures heat from within EarthSlide9
ICELAND CONTINUED
Numerous mountains
Countless
HOT SPRINGS
GEYSERS
: spring with intermittent jets of heated water and steam
Glaciers cover 11% of land (largest is
Vatnajökull)Slide10
MAJOR RIVERS
Longest river in Iceland:
Thjórsá
Longest in Norway:
Klar-Göta
Most important in Finland: Kemi (hydroelectric power)Slide11
CLIMATE
Arctic tundra in north (cold, very little vegetation)
Subarctic covers northern half of Scandinavian
Penin
.
Marine West Coast for much of Atlantic coastline
Rest of Scandinavia is humid continentalSlide12
NATURAL RESOURCES
Finland: peat (covers 1/3 of country); hydroelectric and geothermal power; timber is the big resource
Sweden: iron ore, timber, hydroelectric power
Norway: hydroelectric power, magnesium; Europe’s largest oil producerSlide13
NATURAL RESOURCES CONT.
Denmark: oil and natural gas, wind energy (ranked #1 in world for electricity generated by renewable sources)
Iceland: geothermal energySlide14
SECTION 2: HUMAN GEO OF NORTHERN EUROPE
Watch how physical terrain shapes a cultureSlide15
NORWAY
Mts
and fjords form strong natural boundaries
By 800 A.D. there were c. 30 kingdoms spread out
The people were called Norsemen (Vikings)
They created Old Norse, the basis for Nordic languagesSlide16
RISE OF NORTHERN EUROPE
Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland are culturally similar
Christianity introduced in the 800s
1300s: Kalmar Union (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) forms
Union increases trade with continental Europe
Nordic society becomes more “continental”Slide17
INDUSTRIALIZATION
Def: changing from an agrarian society to an industrial one
This requires a large population (?)
Created new social and socioeconomic classes
This began to change political ideology Slide18
DEMOCRACIES
After WWII, Nordic countries developed democracies
Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland all have democratically elected parliaments
Norway, Sweden, and Denmark are constitutional monarchiesSlide19
POPULATION PATTERNS
Roughly 80% live in urban centers
Low population densities (?)
Majority of populations live near coast (fishing/shipping industry)
ENTREPôT
: commercial center where goods are received and reshipped
BREAK-OF-BULK: unloading, transferring, or distributing part or all of a shipmentSlide20
SOCIETY
Highly value religious freedom
Some of the most educated populations---mandatory school for 10 years; literacy rates at 100%; students required to learn multiple languages
Countries known as
WELFARE STATES
: state that assumes responsibility for the social welfare of its citizens
Pay high taxesSlide21
FAMILIES
High birthrates throughout Northern Europe
Attributed to family-friendly social services
N. Europe known as a front-runner in equality for women
Increase in women in the workplace
Equal representation in governmentSlide22
ART
Rich literary history
Hans Christian Andersen (Denmark)---fairy tales known throughout the world
Architecture is important in Northern EuropeSlide23
RESOURCES FOR ENERGY
Iceland: hydroelectric and geothermal power
Sweden/Norway: hydroelectric power
Finland: peat
Denmark: wind energySlide24
MAJOR INDUSTRIES
Iceland/Norway: commercial fishing
Norway/Sweden/Finland: forestry
Denmark: service industry, trade, manufacturing, and agricultureSlide25
THE NORDIC MODEL
Phrase used to describe the economic and social models of Northern Europe
Promotes welfare policies
Emphasizes labor participation
Promotes gender equality
Offers low trade barriers
Supports unions