Bioprospecting is the process of discovery and commercialization of new products based on biological resources Bioprospecting also known as biodiversity prospecting is the exploration of biological material for commercially valuable genetic and biochemical properties ID: 1048421
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1. Bioprospecting.
2. IntroductionBioprospecting is the process of discovery and commercialization of new products based on biological resources. Bioprospecting, also known as biodiversity prospecting, is the exploration of biological material for commercially valuable genetic and biochemical properties.
3. In simple terms this means the investigation of living things to see how they can be commercially useful to humans. These resources or compounds can be important for and useful in many fields, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, bioremediation, and nanotechnology, among others.
4. Concept of BioprospectingExtreme environments, provide habitats for “extremophiles”, organisms with unique characteristics developed for survival. The biological processes and materials which enable these extremophiles to survive in extreme temperatures, pressures, salinity etc, and other unique conditions are sources of great potential for scientific advancement and commercial application.
5. .These Enzymes derived from extremophiles have been used in detergents, food processing, cleaning, dyeing, medical diagnosis, skin protection products, and forensics. Bioprospecting of marine environments is conducted almost exclusively in regions at extreme depths specifically around submarine trenches, cold seeps, seamounts and hydrothermal vents
6. Why is it needed?The underlying aim of bio prospecting is to find new resources and products from nature that can be used by humans. Improving human health, through both medicine and better nutrition are key focal areas. It plays a dominant role in discovering leads for drug development, since existing/known compounds for developing drugs for human use are limited.
7. . A study showed that between 1983 and 2003, almost two thirds of anti-cancer agents being investigated as drug candidates were derived from natural product.Between 1981-2010, one third of all small molecule new chemical entities approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were either natural products or compounds derived from natural products
8. . Process of Bioprospecting As a process, it generally consists of four phases: Phase 1: on-site collection of samples Phase 2: isolation, charactisation and culture of specific compounds Phase 3: screening for potential uses, such as pharmaceutical or other uses Phase 4: product development and commercialization, including patenting, trials, sales and marketing
9. Who does bioprospecting?Pharmaceutical, agribusiness (biotechnology, seed, crop protection and horticulture), cosmetic and personal care, fragrance, botanicals, and the food and beverage industries. The pharmaceutical and agri-business sectors are more involved.