Monica Lundh Departement of Shipping and Marine Technology Maritime Human Factors Group m onicalundhchalmersse Technical development The technical development of the engine control room ECR and the bridge on board show many similarities ID: 397949
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Slide1
Consequences of lack of rule
Monica Lundh
Departement
of
Shipping and Marine Technology, Maritime Human
Factors
Group
m
onica.lundh@chalmers.seSlide2
Technical developmentThe technical development of the engine control room (ECR) and the bridge on board show many similarities.
New technology has been introducedAn increase in automationMore information available to the operator
Reduction in the number of crew members
The effect on work is e.g. that “old” tasks are performed differently and new tasks have been added
Despite
the similarities in the technological and organizational development the guidelines and mandatory regulations concerning the bridge is more comprehensive than those of the ECR
.Slide3
The bridge …
2008
1995
Late 60thSlide4
… and then the ECR
1977
2007
1984Slide5
Howcome?The design of the bridge is supported by SOLAS V/15The different aims described in SOLAS V/15 addresses the bridge team, highlighting among many things the importance for the bridge team to have an immediate access to essential information presented in a clear an unambiguous manner
Furthermore, the aims stresses the importance of minimizing excessive or unnecessary work or any condition or distraction in the bridge that might cause fatigue or interfere with the vigilance of the bridge team
SOLAS V/15 also addresses the importance of
minimizing human error through monitoring and alarm systems
. Slide6
Consequences of lack of ruleThe design of the ship has an impact
on how tasks are performed
A less
supportive
design
enables
the
crew
to find ways to ”work around” and find alternative
ways to solve their tasksAnd in
doing so they put themselves at riskWork
performance
also
becomes
less
effectiveSlide7
”Ja just det va. Det är
ju som de har nu fått
ett
nytt
system
för fakturor
till exempel. Och, och då skall vi när fakturan
kommer, de har ju skannat in den, den kommer
då per dator då va. Det är
ju
att
det
går
väldigt
lätt
va. Och de här komponenterna som vi beställer genom AMOSen de skall ju kontrolleras av. Så vi har en lathund som jag fick göra va. Det var 27 moment för att skriva en faktura. 27 moment! Och det… och då skall det… skall det dit, och dit och dit. Och sedan skall jag dit till AMOSen och så skall jag in dit och så skall jag in dit och dit och dit och sedan där och där och sedan till spara. Och sedan tillbaka till AMOS och till Baltzar och så skall jag dit och den dit och dit och där och där och där. Kontera och spara och sedan kommer nästa upp va. 27 moment!” (Chief engineer)
“Yes, exactly right. It's like they've now got a new system for invoices, for example. And, and then we shall when we get the invoice, they've scanned it, it will then come through the computer then huh. It's that it is very easy huh. And these components we order through AMOSen they are supposed to be checked. So we have a check list that I got to do huh. There were 27 steps to print an invoice. 27 steps! And it ... and then it ... it should be there, and there and there. And then I go there to AMOSen and I will get in there and I will get in there and there and there and then there and there and then to save. And then back to AMOS and Baltzar and then I get there and there and there and there and there and there. Sign and save and then next invoice up huh. 27 moments!” (Chief engineer)
…the
importance of minimizing excessive or unnecessary
work…Slide8
Other mandatory requirements…STCW 2010 Manilla
Amendments under ”Competence” On the management and operational
level
Use
of
leadership and managerial skillApplication of leadership and teamworking skills
Master and deck departmentMaintain a safe
navigational watch (BRM) Engine department
Maintain
a
safe
engineering
watch (ERM)
One
common
denominator
– ”
obtaining
and maintaining situation awareness”Slide9
Situation Awareness, SAThe Situation Awareness of the team as a whole is dependent upon both a
high level of SA among individual team members and a high level of shared SA between team membersThis provides an accurate common operating picture of those aspects of the
situation
A model
of team situation awareness
which describes how a team build SA and share it contains four factors
Requirements
Devices
MechanismsProcessesSlide10
To put it simply…”
Knowing what
is going on so
that
you
can
figure
out what
to do!”Slide11
This requires …Access to relevant information
Possibility to share information
Owerview
Easy
comminucation
Manageble
amount of informationTeam skillsSlide12
Research resultsThe Engine Control Room (ECR)Overview is regarded as one of the most important issues
Consistency of placement of instrumentsEasy to retrieve informationAlarm system
The handling of the alarm
system is sub-optimal
Too many alarmsSlide13
”…There is a poorly table but you do not stay there as it refrains you from doing your main task, to look after the machinery. A table and a chair is placed apart from the console which means every time you have to attend to the operation of the engine room you have to get up and move over there... instead of designing the consoles so it is possible to sit at the console and work
…”
(
Chief Engineer)
Consequences of poor overviewSlide14
How the work has changedSlide15
What to do about it?
Switch
board
Console
DeskSlide16
Well
…Slide17
Alarms
”…just the fact that we have 1800 alarms implies that even if we worked around the clock we would not be able too keep up. We would not be doing anything else than checking alarms. Some of the alarms shall be tested every third month like ”slow down” and ”shut down”. I do not even know where the majority of the sensors are placed…”
(
Chief Engineer)Slide18
…minimizing human error through monitoring and alarm systems…Slide19
INSERT INTO event_recorder VALUES (118896’2005-07-19 06:29:23’,389,’CCU8’,’0109A’,1,32,’ShutDown’,0,’2005-07-19 06:29:25’,’2005-07-19 07:29:25’,”);Slide20
The system perspective
Lundh 2010 ”A life
on the ocean
wave
”Slide21
ConclusionsThe competitiveness within the industry
demands for mandatory rules and regulations
These
mandatory
rules
and
regualtions
need
to support the tasks to be performed and thus making the tasks performance more
efficient and safeThere is a conflict between
the requirements in the Manilla 2010 and the lack of regulatory support of the design
of
the ECR
To
be
able
to fulfill
the mandatory
training
requirements
in STCW 2010 Manilla
Amendment the design of the ECR needs to be supported by mandatory design rules.One way forward could be to adapt the SOLAS V/15 to the ECRThe bridge and the ECR needs to be regarded as two control centras on board, not two separate unitsSlide22
”Dead easy”…Slide23
Future researchNeeds to look
beoynd the bridge and ECR and start discussing the two
control
centras on board
The
technical
development has
implied more complex and less transparent systemsA partial standardization of the equipment on board could
reduce the learning curveThe alarm system needs to support the decision
making and the fault finding on board.Slide24
Final commentSwedish shipping industry and Swedish sea
farers can never be the most inexpensive
alternative…
… given the
knowledge
and research
within
the shipping
domain and the support of mandatory regulation/-s…… we can very
well be the best!Slide25
Thank you for your attention!
Questions?