Livestock Wildlife Management Adapted from the FAD PReP NAHEMS Guidelines Wildlife Management and Vector Control for an FAD Response in Domestic Livestock Wildlife management Assess wildlife involvement ID: 539891
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Slide1
Wildlife Management and Vector Control for an FAD Response in Domestic Livestock
Wildlife Management
Adapted from the FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS
Guidelines: Wildlife Management and Vector Control for an FAD Response in Domestic Livestock Slide2
Wildlife management Assess wildlife involvementCarry out disease surveillance
Contain, control susceptible wildlife to prevent disease spreadDemonstrate freedom from disease in wildlife, as needed
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
This Presentation
2Slide3
APHIS coordinates with agencies with jurisdictionResource constraintsSimultaneous activities
Varying feasibilitySuccess depends on:Species, animal density/distribution, topography, practicality
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Wildlife Management
3Slide4
Assessment of Wildlife InvolvementSlide5
Determine level of infection risk, transmission
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Zone, Area, and Premises Designations
5Slide6
Assess which wildlife species exist in Control AreaDetermine infection and riskConsiderations
Species presentSusceptibility of wildlife to FADPotential spread of disease agentLevel of exposure and interaction
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Assessment
Parameters
6Slide7
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Assessment Parameters cont’d
7Slide8
Population surveys: determine size, location of wildlife populations
Visual inspection: find evidence of sick/dead animals
Ground surveys: counts, trapping for small species, time consuming
Aerial surveys: helicopter, airplane used for counting large species, expensive
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-
PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Wildlife Population Data
8Slide9
Local reports/knowledge: learn wildlife characteristics
Carcasses: necropsies Live animal capture: determine disease statusSentinels
: deliberately placed animals to detect disease presence
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Wildlife Population
Data cont’d
9Slide10
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Population Data Source Comparison
10Slide11
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
11
Population Data Source
Comparison cont’dSlide12
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
12
Population Data Source Comparison cont’dSlide13
Disease Surveillance in a Wildlife PopulationSlide14
Develop chain of commandPrepare equipment, personnel beforehand
Communicate safety plans to all personnelWear necessary PPEHave back up plansHave protocols for
injured personnel
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Personnel Safety
14Slide15
Factors in developing planCase definition for FAD
Targeted populationSurveillance areaWildlife movement poses surveillance challenges Assess FAD spread between wildlife
and livestock
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Surveillance Plan
15Slide16
Sampling parametersType: serum, swab, inspectionUnit: individual or pooled samples
Size: samples gatheredTime, duration, frequency of sample collectionMethods: random, targeted, systematic
Samples sent to diagnostic lab with care, biosecurity, packaging, labeling
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Diagnostic
Sampling
16Slide17
Methods may differ depending on species, skills of responder, safetyOnly trained/experienced personnelMinimize animal stress
Eye contact, noises, gesturesVisual barriersSedate, anesthetize, blindfoldPredator/prey contact
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Handling and Restraint of Wildlife
17Slide18
Do not leave animal unattendedHumane and safe measuresAppropriate equipmentPhysical, chemical restraint
Physical: corrals, cages, chutes, etc.Chemical: sedatives, anesthesiaDEA licensing, accurate records
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Handling and Restraint of
Wildlife cont’d
18Slide19
Capture myopathy can occurContracted muscles, decreased blood flow, high body temperatureWorsened by tranquilization, muscle breakdown can lead to kidney failure
Results: sudden death, renal failureEuthanasia/depopulationPerformed by humane methods
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Myopathy & Euthanasia/Depopulation
19Slide20
Wild Animal Containment and ControlSlide21
May be difficult or challengingManipulation of wildlife, habitat, or other factorsRisk may not be eliminated
Apply chosen techniques to all animal species, if possibleActivities prioritized/coordinated by Unified (State-Federal) Incident Command
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Wild Animal Containment and Control
21Slide22
Incident Command receives assessment
for wildlife manipulationRemoval, relocation, dispersal, containmentManipulation methods may evolve Monitor, surveillance
for effectiveness
Impacts evaluated
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-
PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Manipulating Wildlife Populations
22Slide23
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Population Manipulation Methods
23Slide24
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
24
Population Manipulation
Methods cont’dSlide25
Manipulate habitats with natural, artificial barriersFencing
Prevent movement, dispersalReduce exposure, not eradicate FAD
Habitat alteration
Create buffer zones
Change environmental conditions
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Manipulating
Wildlife Habitats
25Slide26
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Habitat Manipulation Methods
26Slide27
Change public practicesModified hunting practicesFeeding, baiting wildlife
Education, trainingHunters, farmers, ranchersControl, contain diseaseRapid identification of sick animals,
odd behavior
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Education and Training
27Slide28
Demonstrating Disease FreedomSlide29
May be required to reestablish tradeWildlife-specific surveillance plan may need to be developedNot always feasible, practical
for wildlifeFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Surveillance, Epidemiology,
and
Tracing
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-
PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Demonstrating
Disease Freedom
29Slide30
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife
Management and Vector Control for an FAD Response in Domestic Livestock
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/fadprep
Wildlife
Management and Vector Control web-based training
modulehttp://naherc.cfsph.iastate.edu/
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
30
For More InformationSlide31
Authors (CFSPH)
Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MS, MPH, DACVPM
Nicole
Seda
, BSMeghan Blankenship, BS
Heather Allen, PhD, MPAContributor (USDA)
Jonathan Zack, DVM
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
Guidelines Content
31Slide32
Reviewers (USDA)
Randall Levings, DVM, MSRandall Crom, DVM
Michael Messenger, PhD
Michael David MS, VMD,
MPH
Wildlife Disease Steering Committee Subject Matter Experts
Claudio L Afonso
Samantha Gibbs, DVM,
PhD
D. Scott McVey, DVM, PhD,
DACVM
David Suarez, DVM
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Wildlife, Vector Control – Management
32
Guidelines ContentSlide33
Acknowledgments
Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from
the
USDA APHIS
Veterinary Services
PPT Authors:
Abbey
Smith,
S
tudent Intern; Janice Mogan, DVM
Reviewers:
Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH,
DACVPM; Heather Allen,
PhD, MPA