The Immune System RADAR R - PowerPoint Presentation

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The Immune System

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RADAR

R

ecognize

A

ttack

D

estroy

A

nd

R

emember

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Bodies defense against pathogens

Immune System recognizes the identity of foreign substances

Antigens are found on the cells of all organisms and your body is able to identify your own cells and tell when a foreign cell has entered the system

Foreign antigens trigger a

reponce to attack the pathogen

The Function of the Immune System

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Immunity

-

an accumulation of specific antibodies enabling an individual to resist specific diseases.

Immunity

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Unlike other body systems, The Immune System is NOT contained within a single set of organs or vessels,

Action depends on structures from lymphatic, cardiovascular, and

Integumentary

systems

Works primarily through antigen-antibody reactionStructures of the Immune System

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Organs of

the

Immune

System

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Pathogens

- Foreign invaders that enter the immune system and cause an immune response.

Also known as AntigensBacteriaVirusesFungiProtists

What causes you to get sick?

Streptococcus BacteriaRhinovirusAmoebic Dysentery

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Pathogens have tags surrounding them called

antigens

that indicate that they are invaders to the body

Bacteria

Antigens

Antigens

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Antigen vs. Antibody

Antigen

- any substance that the body regards as foreign (virus, bacterium, toxin)Antibody

- a disease fighting protein developed by the body in response to the presence of an antigen

Antigen-antibody reaction or immune reaction

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Cells of the Immune System

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White Blood Cells

Phagocytes

(macrophage )-

phagocytic

(surrounds and engulfs) protects body by ingesting invading cellsLymphocytes – Cells that produce specific antibodies against a foreign pathogenLeukocytes- Another name for white blood cells, there are two general classes of leukocytes

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Lymphocytes

T cells or T Lymphocytes

mature in thymus gland

Cell mediated immunity

B cells or B Lymphocytesmature in bone marrowantibody-mediated immunity

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Disease

Any change other than injury that disrupts the normal functioning of the body. Some diseases are inherited, some are caused by environmental factors, and other are caused by agents such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi.

FAILURE IN HOMEOSTASIS

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Why are we so susceptible to disease?

The human body provides the right conditions for pathogens. We provide them with the right temperature, watery environment nutrients

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How do pathogens cause disease?

Break down tissue in infected organs

Release toxins into the body

Live and feed inside the infected organism

Destroy host cells

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How can a pathogen enter the body?

Bodily fluids

Break in the skin

Food

WaterAirInsect bites (Insects are vectors)Vector-Animal that carried a disease causing organism

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Non-specific Defense

Skin

Barrier Provides and acidic environment

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Mucus- Found in the nose and throat

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Bodily

Secreations

Tears

Saliva

SweatAll contain Lysozymes which destroy bacteria and viruses

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Second Line of Defense

The Immune System- bodies primary defense against pathogens

Pathogens are disease causing microbes

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Inflamatory

Response

What do you think happens to the number of white blood cells in the area?

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Why do you get a fever?

Bacteria and Viruses have a certain temperature range in which they can function. Raising the temperature from 98.6 to 100 or greater will cause the bacteria and the viruses to die.

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Interferon

Inhibits the synthesis of viral proteins in infected cells and will help block viral replication

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If the pathogen gets

Past the First and Second

Line of defense:

The Immune Response

Will take place

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body responds by producing specific antibodies against invading antigens due to:

A. Contact with the disease causing organism or their products.

B. Receiving a vaccination. Ex. Sabin vaccine – polio tetanus

Active Immunity

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A. Temporary form of Immunity

B. Antibodies (from mothers milk, or from another organism) are introduced into the body Passive Immunity

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Types of Immunity

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Vaccines

Dead or weakened pathogen injected into the body

Causes white blood cells to produce antibodies

Immune System remembers what the pathogen looks like

If you come in contact with the disease after you receive a vaccine it will cause a quick immune response and you will never get sick

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Allergies

Immune System response to a harmless substance

Food, Pollen, Bee Stings

Immune System releases

histamines, which cause rash, swelling, tears, runny nose and watery eyes

Antihistamines

reduce these

symptoms

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Organ Transplants

Contain antigens from another person

Immune system does not recognize it as self and will attack it (Rejection)

Immunosupresent

Drugs are taken to weaken the immune system of a person receiving a transplanted organ

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Caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

HIV infects T-helper cells with often a long incubation of up to 10 years

AIDS name applied during advanced stages of disease

After immune system destroyed, opportunistic infections occur.

AIDS

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Autoimmune Disease

Antigens stimulate development of antibodies that are unable to distinguish antigens of internal cells.

Body makes antibodies and T cells against itself and attacks own tissues.

Multisystemic

involvement.Myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis

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Juvenile Diabetes

An autoimmune reaction attacks the insulin producing cells of the pancreas

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Multiple Sclerosis

An autoimmune disease of the nervous system that results from the destruction of the myelin sheath