During the cell cycle a cell grows prepares for division and divides to form two identical daughter cells each of which then begins the cycle again The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide ID: 919341
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Slide1
The Cell Cycle
Slide2The Cell Cycle: Eukaryotes
During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two identical daughter cells, each
of which then begins the cycle again.
The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
Slide3Slide4Interphase: The longest phase of the cell cycle
G
0
Phase
:Suspended rest periodThe cell is not actively dividingIncludes nerve, heart and muscle cells
G
1
Phase
: (Gap-1)
Period of cell growthNew proteins & organellesS Phase: (Synthesis)Chromosomes are replicatedDNA synthesisG2 Phase: (Gap -2)The Shortest of the 3 phasesorganelles and molecules required for cell division are producedFinal Preparation for Mitosis
Slide5M Phase: Division of the cell
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Mitosis
: Division of the nucleus
consists of 4 stagesProphaseMetaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
:
*The division of the cytoplasm, occurs at the same time as telophase.
Slide6Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Cell cycle checkpoints verify whether the processes at each phase of the cell cycle have been accurately completed before continuing into the next phase
Slide7Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Slide8Slide9What are Chromosomes?
Carry the genetic information (traits) of the cell that are passed on from one generation of cells to the next.
Chromatids
A chromatid
is basically one half of a chromosomePrior to cell division, each replicates and consists of two identical sister chromatids.When the cell divides, the chromatids
separate from each other. One
chromatid
goes to each of the two new cells.
Each pair of
chromatids is attached at an area called the centromere.
Slide10Chromosome Structure
Sister
Chromatids
Centromere
Slide11The Cell Cycle
G
0
Phase: rest
G
1
checkpoint
G
2
checkpoint
M checkpoint
Slide12Division of the Cell :
All cells come from preexisting cells.
Growth and Development
Repair (Healing)
Reproduction ( We will talk about this later in the year)
Why do cells divide?
Slide13Division of the Cell :
All cells come from preexisting cells.
Growth and Development
Humans start off as one single cell, and by the time they are adults, they have over 10 trillion cells!!! This increase in the number of cells also allows for some of those cells to be specialized for various functions. This is important to the survival of many organisms.
Why do cells divide?
A RESULT OF MITOSIS
Slide14Division of the Cell :
All cells come from preexisting cells.
Repair (Healing)
Some organism, are able to regenerate lost limbs (such as arms or tails). Humans can repair skin, blood vessels and bones, or replace cells that have died. You have a “new” skin every 28 days!
Why do cells divide?
A RESULT OF MITOSIS
Slide15Division of the Cell :
All cells come from preexisting cells.
PROKARYOTES
Have only one circular chromosome
Divide by binary fissionEUKARYOTES
Have a nucleus containing many chromosomes
Divide by Mitosis
How do cells divide?
VS.
Slide16Division of the Cell :
All cells come from preexisting cells.
PROKARYOTES
EUKARYOTES
How do cells divide?
VS.
Binary fission in E. Coli
Mitosis in White Fish
Slide17M Phase
Includes Mitosis as well as
Cytokinesis
Slide18Mitosis
Prophase
Chromosome coil more tightly becoming visible
Centrioles move to poles of the cell Nucleolus disappears
Nuclear envelope breaks down.
Slide19Mitosis
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
The spindle connects the centromere of each chromosome to the two poles.
Slide20Mitosis
Anaphase
Chromosomes are separated
Spindle fibers shorten so chromosomes are pulled to poles of cell Ends when the chromosomes stop moving.
Slide21Mitosis
Telophase
Chromosomes uncoil
Nuclear membrane reappears Mitosis is complete, Cell division is NOT.
Slide22Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Slide23Cytokinesis
At the end of mitosis, 2 nuclei are formed within the cytoplasm of a single cell. All that remains if the division of the cytoplasm.
This usually occurs at the same time as
telophase.
Slide24Cytokinesis
Animals
th cell membrane pinches in to form a cleavage furrow
Plants A cell plate forms midway between the divided nuclei.
VS.