PPT-Alcohols, Carboxylic acid and Esters

Ch 114 Combustion of alcohols Alcohols undergo complete combustion to form carbon dioxide and water Denatured alcohol is a useful portable fuel eg for camping stoves as unlike LPG it does not need to be transported in heavy specialized containers It is also used as a solvent. Starter:. Use molecular models to make various alcohol molecules. Keywords:. Esterification, elimination, ester, dehydration. Learning Objectives. A. Model the esterification of alcohols with carboxylic acids. Alcohol Reactions. 1. Dehydration - . elimination of water. water is eliminated from adjacent carbon atoms and a second bond is formed between the 2 carbon atoms. uses a large amount of alcohol and a small amount of acid (H. 9-4. Organic esters are derivatives of carboxylic acids.. Inorganic esters are the analogous derivatives of inorganic acids.. Organic and Inorganic Esters from Alcohols. 9-4. Alcohols react with carboxylic acids to give organic esters.. Alcohols. Ethanol. Ethanol is produced from the fermentation of glucose. Glucose is often derived from the hydrolysis of more complex carbohydrates. (C. 6. H. 10. O. 5. ). n. + nH. 2. O . . nC. 6. 20-1. Carboxylic acid derivatives undergo substitution reactions via the (often acid- or base-catalyzed) addition-elimination sequence:. The relative reactivities of the substrates follow a consistent order:. 19-4. Carboxylic acids are relatively strong acids.. Carboxylic acids have much lower pK. a. values than do alcohols.. The lowered pK. a. values are due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the positively polarized carbonyl carbon and the resonance stabilization of the carboxylate group.. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. Chapter 14. 1. Carboxylic acids. The . carboxyl group. consists of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups attached to the same carbon.. carb. onyl + hydr. oxyl. . = . carboxyl. An . Functional groups. Acid and esters. . Formic acid. 14.1 . Karboxylsyrer. Structure. Carboxylic acid groups consist of two very polar functional groups. Carbonyl group. Hydroxyl group. Carboxylic acid groups are very polar. had discovered . that. salicin. from willow tree bark and leaves was responsible for pain relief.. the body converts . salicin. to salicylic acid, which irritates the stomach lining. . Bayer . discovered that an ester form of the compound, acetylsalicylic acid, is less irritating but still effective. . Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution. 2. Carboxylic Acids and . Their Derivatives. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives:. Acid Halides. Acid Anhydrides. Types of anhydrides. :. Cyclic esters. Types of amides. Cyclic amides. Fourth Edition. Karen Timberlake. 16.1. Carboxylic Acids. Chapter 16. Carboxylic Acids and Ethers. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. Lectures. A . carboxylic acid . contains a a hydroxyl group (. –. group. to the carbon in a carbonyl group.. IUPAC Names for Carboxylic . Acids. In the IUPAC names of carboxylic acids, . the . e. . in the alkane name is replaced with . oic. . acid. . Common Carboxylic Acids . Book chapter: 14. Pages: 472-511. Carbon atom of a carbonyl group is attached to a hydroxyl group forming a carboxyl group. As functional group – attached to an alkyl group or an aromatic group. IUPAC names. Learn how esters are named and identified and how to draw the structural formula of an ester.. Esters. Alcohol + Carboxylic Acid . . . Ester. + Water. Esterification, . Alkanoic acids reacting with Alkanols..