PPT-§ 4.1 Nucleotides §

41a Nomenclature 41b Functions 41c Biosynthesis IV NUCLEAR BIOCHEMISTRY DNA carries genetic information in the form of its sequence of nucleotides that is ultimately expressed in the form of proteinsit accomplishes such a remarkable feat via three major mechanisms. Springfield . Central High School. What are atoms, ions, elements and molecules?. What makes carbon the element of life?. What are the key six elements found in living things?. Where can you find carbon on the periodic table? . 20.1 part 2. DNA replication. Earlier on in this unit we learned about mitosis or cell division.. In order for mitosis to occur and chromosomes to duplicate themselves, the DNA must copy itself exactly.. M. etabolism. Nitrogenous Bases. Planar, aromatic, and heterocyclic. Derived from . purine. or . pyrimidine. Numbering of bases is “unprimed”. Nucleic Acid Bases. Purines. Pyrimidines. Sugars. Pentoses. Why Should We Learn About DNA?. To understand how genes are inherited and expressed.. To understand the evolution of the Earth’s diversity and protect it.. To understand the relationships between species.. Purines are biologically synthesized as nucleotides and in particular as ribotides, i.e. bases attached to ribose-5-phosphate. . Purines are synthesized by two types of pathways, the de novo pathways and the salvage pathways.. A I . Bhat. Indian Institute of Spices Research. Calicut. DNA sequencing. Chain termination method . (. Sangers. . et a. l., 1977): In this method, the sequence of a single stranded DNA molecule is determined by enzymatic synthesis of complementary polynucleotide chains, these chains terminating at specific nucleotide positions.. Chapter . 7.2. Processing of Genetic Material. What is DNA Replication. The process by which the DNA within a cell makes exact copies of itself. Balance of speed and accuracy. Used for growth, repair and embryonic development. Nucleic Acids. What do we know already?. i. . The nucleic acids DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of 3 parts. A 5-carbon sugar – ribose or deoxyribose. A phosphate group (acidic & negatively-charged). DNA Replication. Protein Synthesis. Transcription. Translation. Cell Cycle. 1928 – Griffith. 1944 – Avery, McCarty, & . McCleod. Bacteriophage. Viruses that attack bacterial cells (“bacteria eaters”). Where do we find DNA?. How do crime scene investigators use DNA to solve crimes? . NUCLEIC ACIDS. Flow of biological information: . DNA . RNA. protein . trait. DNA . deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). The genetic material. Contains the “blueprint” for an organism. Instructions for an organism’s traits. Nucleic Acid-polymer (chain) of nucleotides (monomers). Very long molecule. 1. Heredidity. Heredity. is the transfer of characteristics anatomical as well as biochemical, from generation to generation. . The transmission of hereditary information from one generation to another takes place in the nucleus of the cell, . , Function & Repair . Lecturer 7 . Dr. . . Shaimaa. . Munther. . Organelles of the cell. . . Living organisms are made up of cells Each of these cells have a viscous substance called . cytoplasm. What Are the Molecules of Heredity?. . . After scientists became aware of the differences in amino acid sequences, their next quest was to determine how cells know which proteins to synthesize out of the extremely large number of possible amino acid sequences. The answer is that an individual gets the information from its parents through .