APA Style Citation and Documentation - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

APA Style Citation and Documentation

JJ Clark,

Professional Writing ConsultantSlide2

Agenda

General Ideas

Basic Formatting

Principles of Citation

In-Text Citations

Reference List

Visual Elements and AppendicesSlide3

General Ideas

A

merican

P

sychology

A

ssociation

Developed to standardize scientific writing

Concerned with

relevant

and

recent data

Focused on dates and titles instead of the author

Emphasizes

your own words and ideas

Prefers paraphrase to

quotationSlide4

Fields of Study

Architecture and Design

Business

Communication

Computer Sciences

Economics

Linguistics 

Nursing

Philosophy

Psychology

Political Science

Public Administration

Sociology Slide5

Basic Formatting in APASlide6

Basic Formatting in APA

Use 1

” margins all

around

Double-space the entire paper

Use a 11 or 12 point serif font for text

Times New Roman

or

Cambria

Use a sans-serif font for figure labels

Arial or

Calibri

Align all paragraphs to the left

Indent the first line of each paragraph (except the abstract which is not indented.Slide7

Title Page

Running head: includes a

shortened

title or assignment description

Use in the header of every page

The words

Running head

will only appear on the title page

Center full title of the paper, your name, and your institutional affiliation near top half of page

If instructor requests, add class

information, instructor’s name,

and date

centered at

bottomSlide8
Slide9

Abstract

If your paper requires an abstract, this will be the first page after the title

page

Center

Abstract

at the top of the

page

The words

Running head

do not appear, but the shortened title does

Give

a brief summation

(between 250 and 500 words) of

the

focus, major research, methods, and

findings of

your paper

The abstract is a single paragraph, double spaced, and begins at the top of the page

Remember, the first line of the abstract is not indented, unlike all other paragraphsSlide10
Slide11

First Page

Center the full title at top of page, whether

you have an abstract or

not

Do not write

Introduction

unless

specifically required

by

your

instructor

Begin section headings on this page if appropriate

Refer to the APA Style Guide, 6

th

Edition, for the formatting of different heading levelsSlide12
Slide13

Principles of Citation

Using paraphrasing and quotationsSlide14

Paraphrasing

Putting someone

else’s ideas and words into your own

words

Demonstrates your knowledge of the material

Maintains clarity when synthesizing sources (using quotations with numerous sources can get messy and hard to read)

Promotes synthesis between many sources and your own work

Most of the cited

information in a paper should be

paraphrased

Page

numbers are not required for paraphrasing

Encouraged only for

long, complex,

or highly specific

worksSlide15

Direct Quotations

Using the exact words of the author

Direct quote only if e

xact wording is needed as a means of comparison or critique of the primary source

Nightingale (1860) defined nursing over 100 years ago as "the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery” (p. 17). Nightingale

considered

a clean, well-ventilated, and quiet environment essential for recovery. Often considered the first nurse theorist, Nightingale raised the status of nursing through education (Jones, 1956). Nurses were no longer untrained housekeepers but people educated in the care of the sick.Slide16

Block Quotes

Put quotations of 40 words

or over

in block quotes

Indent all lines

of

block quote by one inch

Double

space

all lines in the block quote

Provide page number(s)

at the end of the

citation

Do not use quotation marksSlide17

In-Text Citations

Authors and types of sourcesSlide18

Paraphrase

Cite all works you reference in the paper

APA style uses the author-date citation system

Place

the name followed by the year at the beginning of the sentence

Doe (2007) found that rats cannot vomit

.

Place the name and year in

a parenthetical citation at the

end of the sentence

A

recent study of rats found that they cannot vomit (Doe, 2007

).Slide19

Direct Quotations

Page

numbers are required for

each

direct quote citation

Use “

p.”

for

a single

page

Doe (2011) found that “rain water can contain radioactive toxins” (p

. 7).

Moreover, “rain water can contain radioactive toxins” (Doe, 2007, p. 7

).

Use “pp

.”

for

multiple

pages

(Doe

, 2007, pp.

21–22)Slide20

Citing Two Authors

For two authors, cite

the last names of both authors

each time

the

source is

used

Doe and Koenig (2007) note that modern Western political idealism has its basis in the writings of Immanuel Kant

.

Modern Western political idealism has its basis in the writings of Immanuel Kant (Doe & Koenig, 2007)

.Slide21

Citing Three to Five Authors

Cite

the last names of

all

authors

the

first

time it is

used

Doe, Koenig, and Porpora (1998) note that constructivism is becoming a more popular theory in political science

.

Constructivism is becoming a more popular theory in political science (Doe, Koenig, &

Porpora

, 1998)

For all citations afterward, use “et al.”

Doe

et al. (1998) found that most political scientists prefer synthesizing political theories

.

Most political scientists prefer synthesizing political theories (Doe et al., 1998)Slide22

Citing Six or More Authors

Cite

only the first author followed by “et al.” for each

citation

Mearsheimer

et

al. (2008) assert that neo-realism as a theoretical paradigm is experiencing a backlash.

Neo-realism

as a theoretical paradigm is experiencing a backlash (Mearsheimer et al., 2008).Slide23

Authors with Multiple Works

For authors with multiple works published in the same year you have to begin with your references page

citation

On the references page, alphabetize

the sources based upon the

title

of

the

work and assign

a

lowercase

letter for each

source

Doe (2008a) notes that Egyptian death rituals were highly complex.

In

the case of Tutankhamen, the boy pharaoh was adorned in a highly ritualized fashion with precious metals and jewelry (Doe, 2008b

).Slide24

Electronic Sources

Electronic sources

are cited in the same fashion as print

sources

Never put a website URL in an in-text citation

When using

an online source, you will

need

Name of the author (person or organization)

If an author is not identified, use the name of the article

Year of publication

Section of internet document

Paragraph numberSlide25

Electronic Sources

Using the section or paragraph number of an electronic source

Dolce

and Gabanna had to change their

2004–2005

advertising campaign after the

“profuse

level of complaints from

consumers”

(Herneckli, 2006, Trends section, para. 3

).

Prada

was

“favored

7/10 over

Oakley”

(Herneckli, 2005, para. 5)

.Slide26

Reference List

Citing sources in the References pagesSlide27

Reference List

References begin on a new page after the last page of your paper

Include all

the research you

referenced

Arrange alphabetically

by

author (person or organization)

Use a hanging indent for each entry

Do not

divide your sources based upon

type or category Slide28

Reference List

Author(s) name(s)

Last name first, then first/middle initial

For

sources without named authors, use the first letter of the

title

Publication date in parenthesis

Title of the work (d

o not use italics or quotation marks)

Publication data

Journal titles in italics

(but

not volume

or issue number)

Book

titles

in

italics

Include page numbers if did not reference entire book

Include publication location and publisher.Slide29

Basic Print Sources

Journal article

Doe

, J.

(

2001).

Realism

: An examination of its efficacy.

Journal of International Relations

,

82(5),

19–27.

Journal article from author with multiple publications

Doe

, J. (2008a). Egyptian death rituals.

Journal of Egyptian

History

,

9(2

),

90–123.

Book

Doe, J. (2001).

Egyptian death rituals and their historical significance

. Cairo: National Publishing. Slide30

Basic Electronic Sources

Whole website

National

Kleptomaniacs Association [NKA].

(

2008).

Who

has

time

to buy

anything

?

Retrieved from from

http

:

//

kleptomaniacal.org

/stealing

Section of a website

National

Kleptomaniacs Association [NKA

]. (

2008

).Why

stealing isn’t

stealing.

In

Who has time to buy

anything

?

Retrieved from http

://

kleptomaniacal.org/stealingSlide31
Slide32

Visual Elements and AppendicesSlide33

Using Visual Elements

APA typically requires

figures, graphs,

tables, charts, and photographs to

be placed in an

Appendix

after

the References List

Check with your instructor if this info should appear in the body of the paper

You must distinguish between visuals you created and those borrowed from an outside

sourceSlide34

Visuals from Outside Sources

You

must

include a source note below the element that includes the title, author, date, publication, pub. info, page number, and copyright

Note

. From “Title of Article,” by J. Doe and J. Horrocks, 2008,

Journal of Ethology Studies , 50(6),

p. 92. Copyright 2008 by Name of Copyright Holder.Slide35

Visuals You Created

Label (Graph

1, Graph 2, Table 1, etc.) and refer to

them in

the

paper

As

shown in Table 8, most respondents indicated a preference for

Prada.

Your own visuals will not include source notesSlide36

Other Resources

APA Manual, 6

th

Edition

Our very own Writing Center APA style handouts (available on our website and in the Center on campus)

http

://

www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/CLAS/

Centers/writing/resources/Pages/guides.aspxSlide37

Review

General

Ideas

Field specific citation style

Basic

Formatting

Title page, major sections, and formatting for subsections

Principles of

Citation

Author-year system that prefers paraphrasing

Reference List

Use our handout or the APA manual for

specific concerns

Visual Elements and

Appendices

Label correctly and use source notes for outside sourcesSlide38

The Writing Center

For more information please visit us:

Denver Campus, North Classroom Building

Anschutz Medical Campus, Health Sciences Library

Campus Village Apartments,

North 3

rd

Floor Common Room

Synchronous Online Consultations

http://writingcenter.ucdenver.edu