Olga Ponizova EcoAccord Russia oponizovaramblerru Topics To share thoughts on green economy and its importance for BRICS To share thoughts on climate change process and BRICS ID: 133414
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Slide1
Green Economy and BRICS
Olga
Ponizova
,
Eco-Accord, Russia
oponizova@rambler.ruSlide2
Topics:
To share
thoughts on green economy and its importance for BRICS;
To share thoughts on
climate change process and
BRICS
;
To suggests ways of cooperation among BRICS countries on Green Economy, in particular on Climate Change and Low-Carbon Economy. Slide3
Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa = BRICS
Rapid economic development
Geographical and demographic importance
Old civilisations
Necessity for development and poverty eradication
Rich naturesSlide4
BRICS and global stability:
Sourse
;
Bobylev
, MSUSlide5
Green Economy:
No officially agreed definition;
UNEP:
Green
economy
as one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. In its simplest
expression.Slide6
Features:
*
low-carbon
energy
(especially renewable energy and resource of energy efficient technologies);
• sustainable water supply systems, water and sanitation, and waste management;
•
sustainable production of food (organic, biodynamic farming and sustainable practices for livestock)
• the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity;
•
sustainable
transport system, with an emphasis on public transport, planting the automotive industry;
•
sustainable tourism
;
•
green
jobs
, sustainable lifestyles and livelihoods that provide social justice and equality and establish concrete measures in order to progress and prosperity;
•
Reforming International Environmental Governance:
global
p
olicy
and
economic
nstitutionsSlide7
Tools:
-
Appropriate pricing
,
including
phase-out
of inefficient subsidy, assessment of natural resources in monetary terms and the introduction of taxes that harm the environment;
- Public procurement policies that encourage the production of environmentally friendly products and use of the principles of sustainable production methods;
-
Reforming the system of "environmental" tax
, involving a shift from taxes on labor to taxes on pollution;
-
Increase public investment
s
in infrastructure, based on SD principles (including
public transport, renewable energy, energy-efficient buildings) and natural capital to restore, maintain and, where possible, increase the volume of natural capital;
- Targeted
government support for research and development
related to the creation of environmentally sound technologies;
-
Social policies
to ensure consistency between the goals in the social field and the existing or proposed economic policies.Slide8
International Context:
• February, 2009. - 25th Session of the UNEP Governing Council / Global Ministerial Environment Forum -
green
economy report.
• April, 2009. -UN
Communique
on nine joint initiatives to tackle the crisis, one of which was the initiative of the green economy.
• June, 2009. – Green Growth Declaration (OECD
).
• June, 2009. - More than 20 UN Agencies mentioned green economy
at the UN Conference on Global Economic and Financial Crisis and Development
• September, 2009. - UNEP report to G20 in
Pittsburg
• December, 2009. UN GA decision on Rio +
20
* 2010 – G20 in Toronto
• 2010 - ESCAP meeting
• 2011 - UN ECE
meeting
* 2012 – Rio+20Slide9
BRICS
Leaders Meeting
Declaration
Sanya, China
, 14 April 2011
III.
New proposals to explore
3. Explore the feasibility to cooperate in the field of green economy.Slide10
Green Economy Benefits, UNEP:
stimulate
economic progress
new
jobs
at
the same time reducing the risks of global threats such as climate change, loss of ecosystem services and water scarcity.
In the short term "green economy" is able to provide GDP growth, increasing per capita income and employment in the same or even higher rates than the traditional "brown" economy. In the medium to long term "green economy" will overtake "brown" and also give much greater benefits for the environment and reduce social inequality.Slide11
Green Economy: financing
For the
2012-2050 years.
only
2% of global GDP
should be invested in
ten key sectors: agriculture, housing and utilities, energy, fisheries, forestry, industry, tourism, transport, disposal and recycling of waste and water management.
Wise financial policySlide12
Green Economy risks/concerns
Green protectionism (wind power, aviation, carbon taxes);
Lack of Social Inclusiveness (e.g. no new jobs or “dirty” jobs;
The concept will be used as pure environmental;
The same approach for different countries, without specific situation.Slide13
Good practice:
Renewable Energy in
China
Sustainable urban planning in Brazil
Rural
ecological infrastructure in
India
http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/SuccessStories/tabid/29863/Default.aspxSlide14
Green Economy: Obstacles
Lack of awareness on the GE concept;
Lack of proper understanding of
Lack of capacity to implement the concept in full;
Difficulties to
International economic rules don’t often promote GE concept (WTO)Slide15
Possibilities of cooperation:
Common actions again green-protectionism;
Common position at the international
fora
(WTO etc.);
Research on cost
and benefit
of GE for BRICS and “feasibility to cooperate in the field of green economy” – new BRICS TERN initiative
?
Exchange of experience, among different stakeholders - governments, civil society groups, farmers, business(BRICS Green Economy Forum?)
Technological cooperation.Slide16
Share of Countries in CO2 emissionsSlide17
Under UNFCC:
Only Russia is included in Annex 1.
China
- will endeavor to lower its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45% by 2020 compared to the 2005 level, increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 15% by 2020 and increase forest coverage by 40 million hectares and forest stock volume by 1.3 billion cubic meters by 2020 from the 2005 levels.
South Africa
– 34% below BAU 2020; conditional 42% BAU by 2020
I
ndia
- will
endeavour
to reduce the emissions intensity of its GOP by 20-25% by 2020 in comparison to the 2005 level.
Brazil
-36.1-38.9% of projected emissions by 2020
Russia
- 15-25 %/1990/2020, the range of the GHG emission reductions will depend on the following conditions:
- Appropriate accounting of the potential of Russia’s forestry in frame of contribution in meeting the obligations of the anthropogenic emissions reduction;
- Undertaking by all major emitters the legally binding obligations to reduce anthropogenic GHG emissions. Slide18
Some developments in India and Brazil
:
Brazil
has
established
a
stock
exchange
for
voluntary
carbon
units
which
may
precede
a
domestic
t
rading
scheme
;
Rio
de
Janeiro
,
Brazil’s
second
richest
state
,
recently
announced
to
launch
an
ETS
for
its
largest
emitters
between
2013
and
2015.
India
has
not
shown
much
propensity
for
a
domestic
ETS
due
both
to
political
and
institutional
reasons
;
However
,
trading
schemes
for
energy
efficiency
and
renewable
energy
are
already
in
place
.Slide19
Some development in China:
China
has
made
concrete
steps
towards
the
creation
of
regional
ETS
in
various
cities
and
provinces
.
Newer
announcements
even
envisage
the
creation
of
a
national
system
by
2015.
However
,
these
plans
are
still
at
early
stages
,
and
differ
widely
in
their
institutional
designs
.
For
example
,
-
Guangdong
is
likely
to
put
in
place
a
trading
system
based
on
absolute
e
mission
caps
,
-
Tianjin
and
Beijing
have
indicated
that
their
trading
schemes
might
be
based
on
energy
saving
credits
.
However
,
the
implementation
pathway
is
as
yet
unclear
.
The
question
is
in
particular
how
the
very
diverse
design
choices
of
the
envisaged
pilot
schemes
are
to
be
aligned
to
form
a
convergent
system
on
such
short
notice
.Slide20
Possible cooperation
on carbon
market-based–mechanisms development
-exchange
of experience;
- joint research and analytical work;
- capacity
building
;
-
seminars and conferences.
The project could contribute to the new global CC agreement and reduce risks for “carbon protectionism” from EU and other countries with ETS
.Slide21
BRICS Leaders Meeting Declaration
Sanya, China, 14 April 2011
22.
We support the Cancun Agreements
and are ready to make concerted efforts with the rest of the international community to bring a successful conclusion to the negotiations at the Durban Conference applying the mandate of the Bali Roadmap and in line with the principle of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities.
We commit ourselves to work
towards a comprehensive, balanced and binding outcome to
strengthen the implementation of the UNFCC and its Kyoto Protocol.
The BRICS will intensify cooperation on the Durban conference. We will enhance our practical cooperation in adapting our economy and society to climate change.
8. We support the development and use of renewable energy resources.
..We
are convinced of the importance of cooperation and information exchange in the field of development of renewable energy resources. Slide22
Possible BRICS cooperation:
Common position on climate change negotiations reflecting reality and SD approach;
Research,
e.g.economic
scnario
of
emissions reduction;Exchange of experience of different stakeholders;Technology cooperation;
Concrete projects (carbon
market-based–mechanisms
development)