Divya N Assistant Professor ACED Contents Introduction to building drawing Requirements of a good drawing Conventional Signs Plan Section and Elevation Components of a building Foundation Building Drawing ID: 1020138
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1. Building Planning and DrawingDivya NAssistant ProfessorACED
2. ContentsIntroduction to building drawingRequirements of a good drawingConventional SignsPlan, Section and ElevationComponents of a buildingFoundation
3. Building DrawingDrawing is the language of engineers. An engineer must be well versed with drawings. Drawings represent the reduced shape of a structure.Drawings are prepared as per the requirements of owner.In case of public buildings, the functional aspects are studied and accordingly the drawings are prepared as per recommendations laid down in National Building Code (N.B.C) or as per Indian Standard specifications.
4. Requirements for a good drawingDrawing should be clear, simple and clean.Should agree with the actual measurements by the accurately drawn scaled measurements.Exact information should be provided in order to carry out the work at site.Only minimum notes to support the drawings should be indicated in the drawings.Sufficient space should be provided between the views so as to mark the dimensions without crowding.
5. Conventional Signs
6. PlanPlan of building represents a horizontal section of building at given height seen from top.It is a general convention to imagine that the building has been cut down by a horizontal plane at the sill level of the window and is seen from the top after removal of the so cut part. The plan shows the arrangement of rooms, verandah or corridor, position of door, and window and other openings along with their respective sizes.
7. SectionSection is also known as vertical section and sectional elevation or cross section. It is imagined that a finished buildings is cut vertically along a line so that the building is separated into two portions along the imagined vertical plane right from top of the building to the lowest part of foundation. The view that can be seen while travelling along this imaginary vertical plane when looking towards left is drawn to the same scale as that adopted for the plan.
8. ElevationElevation or front view is the outward view of a completed building along any side of the building. When a building is seen by standing in front of it, the view that can be viewed is known as front elevation.Similarly backside view is called rear elevation or from any side of it which is known as side elevation.
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10. Components of a BuildingSub-structureAlso called foundation, consists of the footing below the ground levelSuper-structureConsists of all parts of a building above the ground level Walls, roofs, floors, columns, building finishes, lifts/stairs, electrical fittings, doors, windows etc
11. FoundationThe component of a building below the ground level that distributes the structural load over a large area is called the Foundation.The depth of the foundation is the vertical height below ground level up to the bottom of the concrete bed.The depth of the foundation depends upon:Bearing capacityShrinkage and swelling properties of soilDepth of water-tableDepth of frost penetration As per NBC depth of foundation shall not be less than 500mm.
12. Note 1The basic function of a foundation is to transmit the dead loads, live loads and other loads to the subsoil on which it rests in such a way that: (a) settlements are within permissible limits, without causing cracks in the super-structure and (b) soil does not fail in shear Since it remains below the ground level, the signs of failure are not noticeable until it has already affected the building. It should therefore be designed very carefully.
13. Note 2Plinth is the portion of the structure between the surrounding ground level and the surface of the floor level immediately above the ground. The level of the plinth is usually called as “plinth level” and the built up area at the floor level is known as “plinth area”.The plinth height in any case shall not be less than 450mm.
14. Types of FoundationShallow foundationsSpread FootingWall footing Reinforced Concrete footingInverted Arch footingColumn footingGrillage FoundationEccentrically Loaded footingsCombined footingsMat or Raft foundationDeep foundationsPileCofferdamsCaisson
15. Isolated Footing
16. Isolated RCC footing
17. RCC Column Footing
18. Comparison: Stepped Footing and Simple Footing for a column
19. RCC Column footings:
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21. At site: for representation purpose only
22. At site:
23. Draw the stepped footing for a brick wall of 400 mm thickness. The specifications of the footing will be given.Draw the isolated column footing which has reinforcement.