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Q3oItpVa9fs Cymatics httpsyoutube WMnRxFDVw0g Julius Sumner Miller and Sound Waves Review Frequency describes the number of cycles in one second Period describes the number of seconds for one cycle ID: 538487

pipe harmonic standingwaves waves harmonic pipe waves standingwaves frequency closed string frequencies http wave sound www open demos speed

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Slide1

https://youtu.be/

Q3oItpVa9fs

CymaticsSlide2

https://youtu.be/

WMnRxFDVw0g

Julius Sumner Miller and SoundSlide3

Waves Review

Frequency describes the number of cycles in one second.Period describes the number of seconds for one cycle.(Period and frequency are inverses of each other.)Slide4

Waves Review

The speed of a wave depends only on the medium and can be calculated by multiplying the wavelength (distance between repeated points) by the frequency of the cycles.If the frequency of a wave increases, what must happen to the wavelength? What about the wave speed?Slide5

Sound Waves

As a source of sound vibrates, a series of compressions and rarefactions travels outward from the source.

Sound waves can travel in solids, liquids, and gases.

A young person can normally hear pitches with frequencies from about 20 to 20,000 Hz.

Sound waves visualized:

https

://youtu.be/

px3oVGXr4mo

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics-Interactives/Waves-and-Sound/Simple-Wave-Simulator/Simple-Wave-Simulator-

Interactive

http://plasticity.szynalski.com/tone-

generator.htmSlide6

Fundamental Frequency

First Harmonic (n=1)

L = 1/2

λ

Second

Harmonic (n=2)

L = 2/2

λ

Third

Harmonic (n=3)

L = 3/2

λ

Harmonic Frequencies on a StringSlide7

Harmonic Frequencies on a StringSlide8

Harmonic Frequencies on a String

The

frequency

of the

nth

harmonic.Slide9

Harmonic Frequencies on a String

The

frequency

of the

nth

harmonic.

Harmonic NumberSlide10

Harmonic Frequencies on a String

The

frequency

of the

nth

harmonic.

The

speed

of the wave on the string.

Harmonic NumberSlide11

Harmonic Frequencies on a String

The

frequency

of the

nth

harmonic.

The

speed

of the wave on the string.

Harmonic Number

The speed only depends on the medium that the wave travels through.Slide12

Harmonic Frequencies on a String

The

frequency

of the

nth

harmonic.

The

speed

of the wave on the string.

The

length

of the string

Harmonic NumberSlide13

Sound from a pipe

Standing waves in open and closed pipesSlide14

Open Pipes

Standing waves can also form in columns of air.

Because

the air particles

can move freely at the open end of a pipe,

each end of the pipe must be an

antinode

.Slide15

Open Pipes

Standing waves can also form in columns of air.

Because the air particles can move freely at the open end of a pipe, each end of the pipe must be an

antinode

.Slide16
Slide17

First Harmonic

L = 1/2

λ

Second Harmonic

L = 2/2

λ

Third Harmonic

L = 3/2

λSlide18

n = 1

n = 2

n = 3

First Harmonic

L = 1/2

λ

Second Harmonic

L = 2/2

λ

Third Harmonic

L = 3/2

λ

n

= 1, 2, 3, …Slide19

n = 1

n = 2

n = 3

First Harmonic

L = 1/2

λ

Second Harmonic

L = 2/2

λ

Third Harmonic

L = 3/2

λ

Harmonic Frequencies For An Open Pipe

n

= 1, 2, 3, …Slide20

Example (#12 on Standing Waves Practice)

The range of human hearing is roughly 20 Hz to 20,000

Hz. Based on these limits, what are the lengths of the longest and shortest pipes (open at both ends) you would expect to find on a pipe organ?Slide21

Closed Pipes

For a pipe that is closed at one end, the air molecules at the

closed end of

the pipe

cannot move, forming a

node

.

A new

set of waves is possible.

http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/StandingWaves/

StandingWaves.htmlSlide22

http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/StandingWaves/

StandingWaves.html

Closed Pipes

For a pipe that is closed at one end, the air molecules at the closed end of the pipe cannot move, forming a

node

.

A new set of waves is possible.Slide23

http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/StandingWaves/

StandingWaves.htmlSlide24

http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/StandingWaves/

StandingWaves.htmlSlide25

http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/StandingWaves/

StandingWaves.htmlSlide26

http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/StandingWaves/

StandingWaves.html

Closed PipeSlide27

http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/StandingWaves/

StandingWaves.html

Harmonic Frequencies For A Closed Pipe

Closed PipeSlide28

Example (#15 from Standing Waves Practice)

Aaron blows across the opening of a partially filled 0.2-m tall soft drink bottle and finds that the air vibrates with a fundamental frequency of 472 Hz. How high is the liquid in the bottle?Slide29

Open Pipe

Closed Pipe

String

(Fixed

at Both Ends)

n

= 1, 2, 3, …

n

= 1, 2, 3, …Slide30

When you play any instrument, any single note is actually a combination of harmonics, where the loudest note is the fundamental frequency.

The additional harmonics combine with the fundamental frequency to produce a sound that is unique for that instrument.

https://youtu.be/VRAXK4QKJ1Q?t=

19sSlide31

Measuring the Speed of SoundSlide32

standing Waves in a Closed Pipe (from cymatics

)http://youtu.be/sIopZnMLeQo