A few prehistoric points Early music is thought to mimic naturally occurring sounds and rhythms Development of motherese a type of communication between mothers and infants These gestures and sounds are similar across many cultures ID: 335615
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Slide1
ANCIENT MUSICSlide2
A few prehistoric points…
Early music is thought to mimic naturally occurring sounds and rhythms.
Development of “
motherese
”… a type of communication between mothers and infants.
These gestures and sounds are similar across many cultures.
Human voice is the “first” instrument.
Singing, humming, clicking, whistling, yawning
“Rhythm” instruments came next…
Clapping hands, hitting stones together, etc.
“Wind” instruments are invented once stone tools start being used amongst humans. Slide3
Likely a leg bone from a bear
Divje
Babe Flute …
germanySlide4
Made from the bones of a red-crowned crane
Ancient Chinese
Gudi
(Bone Flutes)Slide5
Moving right along…
Artifacts found in an Ancient Greek burial site depict a double-flute and a lyre.
Possibly religious symbols to ward off evil spirits or depicted figures from Greek mythology.Slide6
THE LYRES OF UR
Considered to be the oldest surviving stringed instruments.
Discovered in the Royal Cemetery of Ur, located in modern-day Iraq.
Three separate instruments.Slide7
DAMAGED DURING 2
nd
IRAQ WAR
THE Golden BULL’S LYRESlide8
Belongs to Univ. of Pennsylvania
Boat-Shaped
LYreSlide9
Belongs to the British museum
QUEEN’s LYRESlide10
INSTRUMENTS OF ANCIENT GREECE
LYRE
Strummed or plucked string instrument.
7 strings tuned to the notes of the scale.
Used to accompany others or oneself in song.
KITHARAStrummed instrument
Different from lyre… it has a sounding-box to help resonance.
Fully-adjustable strings could tune to any note or scale.
AULOS
Double pipes, not joined
Low, clarinet-like sound
Aulos & LyreSlide11
INSTRUMENTS OF ANCIENT GREECE
PAN PIPES (Syrinx)
A series of pipes gradually increasing in length.
Formed by cutting reeds to the correct pitch.
Played by blowing across the top of the pipes.
HYDRAULIS
Grandfather of the modern pipe organ.
Used water to provide air pressure in a wind-chest.
(Video)
CONCH & SALPINX
First “brass” instruments.
Ensemble VideoSlide12
KITHARASlide13
AULOSSlide14
AULOSSlide15
PAN PIPESSlide16
HYDRAULIS & SALPINXSlide17
CONCH SHELLSlide18
Bronze & Silver
KING TUT’s trumpetsSlide19
Detail of king
tut’s
trumpetsSlide20
James
Tappern
… April 16, 1939 … Cairo Museum
Recording king
tut’s
trumpetsSlide21
“Early” Music
Medieval Era … 500-1400 CE
Similar instruments from “ancient” period – but with improvements.
System of notation is developed around 1000 CE
Guido
D’Arezzo & “Guidonian
Hand”
Religious music takes center stage.
Era of Gregorian Chant and Madrigals
Hildegard von Bingen ChantSlide22
With better technology came different styles…
LUTES, LUTES & MORE LUTES!Slide23
(Modern REPLICA)
ZITHERSlide24
Or… “Hurdy
Gurdy
”
MECHANICAL VIOLINSlide25
INSIDE A “Hurdy
Gurdy
”Slide26
FATHER OF MODERN NOTATION
GUIDO D’AREZZOSlide27
No… “The Sound of Music” didn’t create it.
WHERE “Do-Re-MI” CAME FROM…Slide28
GUIDONIAN HANDSlide29
A little better version…Slide30
GOLIARDS
Goliards are roaming poet-musician priests.
Roamed the countryside singing and dancing.
Often poked fun at church traditions…
"Priests and
clerks dance in the choir dressed as women. They eat black pudding at the altar itself, while the celebrant is saying Mass. They play dice on the altar. They
incense
with stinking smoke from the soles of old shoes. They run and leap throughout the church, without
shame
. Finally they drive about the town
in
shabby carriages and carts, and rouse the laughter of their fellows and the bystanders in infamous performances, with indecent gestures and with scurrilous and unchaste words."Slide31
TROUBADOURS
Tradition began in the south of France and spread to Italy, Spain and Germany.
Traveling poet-musicians sang about chivalry & love.
More than 450 known troubadours worked from 1170-1213 CE
Gave rise to the royal position of Minstrel who was ordered to provide all kinds of entertainment for the palace.
Not just men… there were women troubadours called “
trobairitz
.”
Troubadour Love Song (Spanish)
The Frog GalliardSlide32
Ornate decoration on a troubadour songSlide33
A TROUPE OF TROUBADOURSSlide34
MINSTRELSYSlide35
Minstrel “
Docu
-comedy”
MINSTREL PERFORMING AT A ROYAL DINNERSlide36
THE RENAISSANCE
1400 - 1600Slide37
Moving right along…
Music heavily influenced by the times…
Focus on “humanistic” thought
Recovery of Greek & Latin literature
Trading & Commerce
Growth of “middle class”
Faster technological changes
Changes in the church
Printing makes distribution of music easier.
Rise of the “virtuoso” musician.
Music becomes a way to express personal ideas, beliefs, etc.Slide38
Getting closer to what we see today…
Renaissance NotationSlide39
Renaissance RecordersSlide40
WHAT KIND OF MUSIC?
Religious-based
Mass (literally singing EVERY word of the R-C mass)
Cantata/Oratorio (based on Bible stories, etc.)
Laude (praise song)
Secular (or Not-Religious)Madrigals (poems set to music)
Frottola
/Chanson/Lied/
Villancio
Instrumental
Prelude
Tocatta
Pavane
AllemandeSlide41
SOME LIGHT LISTENING…
O Magnum Mysterium
(Motet)
Ave Verum Corpus
(Motet)
Chanson Matona Mia Cara
(Madrigal)