Chapter 10 Lesson 2 New Agriculture Climate Changed after 1000 AD Technology Water amp Wind Made from Iron Carruca heavy wheeled plow Drawn by 68 oxen Must be bought by town shared animals as well ID: 651039
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Peasants, Trade & Cities
Chapter 10 Lesson 2Slide2
New Agriculture
Climate Changed after 1000 AD
Technology
Water & WindMade from IronCarruca – heavy wheeled plowDrawn by 6-8 oxenMust be bought by town – shared animals as wellThree-field crop rotationFirst – Fall – grains (rye/wheat)Second – Spring – grains (oats /barley) and veg (peas/beans)Third - fallowSlide3
Manorial System
Manor – Agriculture estate that a lord ran and peasants worked
Serf – peasants legally bound to the manor
Given labor services, pay rents, subject to the lordGiven land to support themselvesSerfs worked about 3 days for the lordPaid rent by giving a share of the product they raisedPaid for use of common pasturelands, streams, ponds and woodlandsSlide4Slide5
Manorial System
Serf’s could not leave the manor without permission
Could be tried in the lord’s court
Land that supported the serf could not be easily taken awayFixed responsibilitiesProtection given by the LordSlide6
Housing
Simple
Wood frames – cracks filled with straw
Roofs were thatchedSingle roomSome had 2One for cooking, eating, other activitiesOne for sleepingSlide7
Serf’s Life
Aug/Sept – Harvest time
October – Plant winter crops
November – Slaughter of excess livestockFeb/March – Spring cropsEarly Spring – relaxed time – weeding and sheepherdingDiet consisted of what they grew on their personal garden. Worked the Lords and personal land BreadSlide8
Medieval Cities
Trade
Settled near castles
ProtectionAlong trade routesMerchants and artisans became knows as bourgeoisieLarge medieval trading city would have 5,000 peopleTrades people bought trading rights from Lords or Kings1100 – buy and sell property, freedom from military service, written law of freedom, freedom for a escaped serves after living a year and a day in townSlide9Slide10
Medieval cities
Men who were born or lived in the city a long time were citizens
Eventually made local governments
City Council – judges, city official who passed lawsElections rigged so rich and powerful families were electedSurrounded by expensive stone wallsGuildsSlide11
Medieval woman
Supervise the household
Prepare meals
Raise childrenManage family’s financesHelped husbands in tradeSometimes took over trade if husband dies