PPT-Chapter 11: DNA and Genes

111 DNA The Molecule of Heredity What is DNA The structure of DNA DNA is capable of holding all this information because it is a very long molecule DNA is a polymer Made of repeating subunits called nucleotides which have 3 parts. Chapter 2How Genes WorkTable of Contents3What are proteins and what do they do?9How do genes direct the production of proteins?11Can genes be turned on and off in cells?12What is the epigenome?14H My Genes Made Me Do It! 3920. Silventoinen K, Haukka J, Dunkel L, Tynelius P, Rasmussen F. 2008. Genetics elative weight in childhood and adult height: the Swedish Young Male Twins Study. Pediatrics 1 4NeoplasticProcessincludesMeSHtermsreferringtocan-cers. SemanticType IntermediateBMeSHTerms G E A Genes,jun 1 Genes,fos 2 Genes,APC 3 Genes,Reporter 4 Genes,Dominant 5 Genes,ras 6 Genes,rel 7 Genes,bc Genes and How They Work. Genes generally are information for making specific proteins. RNA (ribonucleic acid). Overview of Gene Expression. Transcription (DNA .  RNA). The Genetic Code. Translation (RNA . Overview of Genetics. Genetics – Overview. Genetics is the study of heredity and variation . Genetics is the unifying discipline in biology. Explains why organisms have certain traits . How traits are passed from parent to offspring. Control in Division & Development. pp 217-228. Prokaryotes. 1965 Nobel Prize to Jacob & Monod for work on . lac. operon in . E. coli. Lactose is metabolized by 3 enzymes in . E. coli. Genes for these proteins are sequential. Genetic Engineering. – the application of molecular genetics for practical purposes. Can be used to IDENTIFY or TRANSFER genes.. DNA Technology. – can be used to cure diseases, treat genetic disorders, improve food crops, etc.. Human Genetics. . Thomas Hunt Morgan. – (early 1900’s). - Worked with Drosophila (fruit flies).. - Discovered sex chromosomes (X and Y)…Y is shorter than X in length.. - Females = XX Males = XY. The Chromosomal Basis . of. Inheritance. Chromosome Theory of Inheritance. 1860: Mendel. 1875: stages of mitosis. 1890: stages of meiosis. 1902: Walter Sutton & Theodor . Boveri. noted parallels between Mendel’s “factors” & what chromosomes do in mitosis & meiosis. 1. Recombinant DNA . molecules are formed when segments of DNA from two different sources—often different species—are combined . in vitro. . . DNA . Technology . is the term. . for analyzing genes and gene expression. . Human Inheritance. Disorders caused by individual genes - dominant. Individuals with the disorder only need 1 allele to have the disorder. Huntington’s Disease. Caused by a repeat of the sequence CAG . Genetics – study of heredity. Gene – determinant of heredity. Chapter is outline of basic principles of genetics. www.sardi.sa.gov.au/. livestock. /meat_wool/breeding_. genetics. Cell Theory of Inheritance. KEY CONCEPT . The chromosomes on which genes are located can affect the expression of traits.. Two copies of each autosomal . gene . affect phenotype.. Mendel studied autosomal gene traits, like hair texture. . RNA is made of a long chain of nucleotides.. Differences between DNA and RNA:. 1 – the sugar on RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose. 2 – RNA is generally single-stranded. 3 – RNA contains uracil in place of thymine.