murphy HOUSE Presented By Dustin Bellows Passive Cooling Design Strategies background June 2013 June 9th The Silver Fire erupted in the Black Range of the Gila Mountains of New Mexico The town of Kingston located in the Black Range was evacuated at 2am on June 9 ID: 437430
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Slide1
1891 adobe House: Hillsboro, New Mexico
murphy HOUSE
Presented By:Dustin Bellows
Passive Cooling Design Strategies Slide2
background
June 2013
June 9th: The Silver Fire erupted in the Black Range of the Gila Mountains of New Mexico. The town of Kingston located in the Black Range was evacuated at 2am on June 9
th. The owners and staff of the Black Range Lodge in Kingston hastily relocated to Hillsboro located 9 miles east of the fire. Temporary residence was taken up in Hillsboro at a historic 1891 adobe house.Slide3
Hillsboro, New Mexico
ESTABLISHED 1877
Hillsboro is located on the southeastern foothills of the Gila National Forest. Aldo Leopold Wilderness lies 15 miles to the west of Hillsboro.
Hillsboro is a small unincorporated community in Sierra County, New Mexico, United States, located in the southwestern part of the state. It was founded in 1877, following the discovery of gold. The community was the county seat of Sierra County from 1884 until 1936 when Hot Springs (now called Truth or Consequences) became the county seat. Between 1893 and 1898, 100,000 troy ounces (3,000 kg) of gold were produced
there.POPULATION of Hillsboro: 200Slide4
Murphy House
BUILT (1891)
The Murphy House is located in middle of town and was build for Sheriff Tom Murphy.
SIZE: Square Feet (
Total: 2668) (Interior:1344 )(Covered Porch:1324 )Currently used as a vacation rental homeMain construction materials: (Walls: adobe) (Roof: wood & corrugated metal) (Foundation: concrete on rubble
trench
,
wood
sill
plates)Slide5
First day at the murphy House
I arrived June 9th
at the Hillsboro house around 3pm. The exterior temperature exceeded 102º F. When I walked into the house, all the windows and doors were shut. The interior temperature of the house was very comfortable (81º F) although NO air conditioner or evaporative cooler was in operation.
I took a nap around 4 pm in the front bedroom on the northwest corner of the house. A ceiling fan in the bedroom was turned on and kept the bedroom at a very comfortable temperature. When I woke up from my nap at 5pm, I went outside where the temperatures hovered around 95 º F.At 9:30 pm that evening, all the windows and doors were manually opened and the fans were turned on inside the house. The exterior temperature at that time was around 81º F-the same as the house’s interior temperature.Slide6
Second day at the murphy House
When I woke up at 6am on the 10th
of June, the exterior temperature was 71º F. The house’s interior temperature closely matched that temperature.At 08:00 am that morning we shut all the doors and windows to the house.
At 10 am that morning, I finished my outdoor yard work around the house. The sun’s heat forced me to retreat indoors. Exterior temperature at that time was around 90º F. Again, the interior temperature of the house remained very comfortable (around 79º F) for the remainder of the day.Slide7
Temperature details
3:00 PM
9:30 PM
Action Taken at 9:30 PM
6:00 AM
08:00 AM
Action Taken at 08:00 AM
Internal Temperature
81º F
81 º F
Opened all windows and doors
71º F
79 º F
Closed all windows and doors
External Temperature
102 º F
81º F
Allows cool external air to penetrate interior space
71 º F
79 º F
Kept external heat from penetrating internal space
Slide8
Hillsboro’s Bio-Climate
Bio-Climate Design: Building
houses with climatic considerations in mindTemperature ranges: summer high (100º F) & winter low (20º F)Elevation (5180 feet elevation / high desert)
Precipitation (arid / 4 inches of rain per year) Low humidity (7º)Prevailing sun (latitude: 32.9208°
North)Wind direction (summer – SW) (winter-NW)Vegetation cover (native vegetation sparse)Shade (abundance of irrigated cottonwood trees in town)
Water Table (well depth less than 100 feet
Arid and semi arid climate zone: major differences in night and day time temperatures and a low precipitation level Slide9
How does the murphy house stay cool in summer?
The Murphy House was built prior to air conditioners and evaporative coolers.
Four passive cooling design strategies were involved in the house’s construction: thermal mass, covered/shaded porches (portals), natural ventilation, and a vaulted / vented attic.
In order for passive cooling design strategies to work, active participation is required!Open windows and doors during the coolest times of the
day; Enhance air exchange with fans. .Close windows and doors when exterior temperature exceeds interior temperature.Slide10Slide11
Passive
Cooling Design Strategies specific for arid summer Heat
Passive Cooling Design Strategies House is designed to maximize the ability to
cool interior without the use of mechanical units (no air conditioner or evaporative cooler)Summer Heat: exceeds 100º FOptimal design: thermal mass, eaves & covered/shaded porches , natural ventilation, vaulted
& vented atticMaterials: Earthen adobe Temperature specifics (exterior: 102ºF / interior: 80ºF)Slide12
Thermal mass
Definition: The ability of a material or assembly to “soak up”
heat or cool and slowly release it is known as thermal massAlso known as the ‘Specific H
eat Capacity’Natural Materials with high thermal mass: Stone and Earth; ie: adobe, cob, rammed earth, earthen plastersA well
designed thermal mass in a building, if insulated from the exterior, will moderate temperature swings through the diurnal cycle by storing and releasing heat or cool to the interior Thermal Mass can become stubbornly cold in the winter. In summer the reverse is true; mass materials can soak up too much heat, causing discomfort to
occupants Slide13
Thermal Mass
Murphy HouseSlide14
Thermal Mass
Floor Plan OverviewAdobe walls
Murphy House
Exterior Adobe Block Walls (green)
Interior Adobe Block Walls (gold)Slide15
Thermal Mass
interior Adobe walls –entry hall
Murphy HouseSlide16
How thermal mass keeps a house cool in high temperatures
Murphy House
Coolest time of day
Hottest time of daySlide17
Eaves & covered/shaded porches
Murphy HouseSlide18
Eaves & covered/shaded porches
Murphy House
Advantage
Disadvantage
Cooler interior
Sheds snow
NONE
No solar gain-windows
Winter cold
Summer heatSlide19
Eaves & covered/shaded porches
Murphy HouseSlide20
Natural ventilation
Murphy HouseSlide21
Natural ventilation
Murphy HouseSlide22
Natural ventilation
Murphy HouseSlide23
Vaulted and vented attic
Murphy House
During the summer heat, hot air rises within the enclosed attic space of a house
Natural convection will vent hot air through attic vents This hot air must be actively vented out of the attic space at the highest point in the attic A vaulted attic space helps direct the air to the highest point in the atticThe taller the attic space, the more volume of hot air can be vented out
The Hillsboro House has a vented attic at the peak of the roof’s crest. This combined with a tall attic space of 15 feet helps direct hot air within the attic space to outside the enclosed area.Slide24
Vaulted and vented attic
Murphy House
Air FlowSlide25
Vaulted and vented attic
Murphy HouseSlide26
Murphy house
Conclusion
In order for passive cooling design strategies to work,
Active participation is required!
-Open windows and doors during the coolest times of the day.-Close windows and doors when exterior temperature
exceeds
interior
temperature.
-Turn
on fans to circulate interior air