Why Does Weight Matter Aircraft are NOT minivans You cant load everything you want into them and go off and fly PIC must make decision Fuel or Load Overweight Aircraft Longer Takeoff Higher Takeoff Speed ID: 640885
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Slide1
Advanced Weight & BalanceSlide2
Why Does Weight Matter?
Aircraft are NOT minivansYou can’t load everything you want into them and go off and flyPIC must make decision – Fuel or Load?Overweight Aircraft:
Longer TakeoffHigher Takeoff SpeedReduced Rate of Climb and Angle of ClimbShorter RangeReduce Cruising SpeedHigher Stall SpeedLonger Landing Distance
© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.Slide3
Overweight Dangers
May affect performance (last slide)Undue stress on the aircraft structure upon landing/taxiExclusive testing is done at the Max Ramp and MGTOWSection 2 of the POH – Limitations
Changed only by Airworthiness Directive
© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.Slide4
Why Does Balance Matter?
Not a matter of how much weight there is, but where it is placedCenter of Gravity LimitsDatum Reference PointCenter of Pressure and Center of Gravity
Boldmethod
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C.G. Forward of Limits
BenefitsIncreases StabilityEasy Stall RecoveryDisadvantages:
Increase in stall speedIncrease in dragOn landing, harder to roundout
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C.G. Aft of Limits
BenefitsDecrease Stall SpeedDisadvantages:More unstable
Harder to recover from stallLess Drag – Higher AirspeedTail Heavy
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Utility vs. Normal Category
Category has to do with the G loading of an aircraftUtility4.4 MagnumNo inverted approvedNormal
3.8 SpecialNo inverted approved
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Categories Use
UtilityLimited AerobaticsNormal Use the plane for its original purpose (no extreme maneuvers)Transport Category
No excessive maneuversAerobatic Category
© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.Slide9
Terms (POH 1.7 and 1.8)
Basic Empty WeightEngine oil and unusable fuel and empty airplaneUnusable FuelFuel that can’t be removed from the system
PayloadWeight of occupants, cargo and baggageUseful LoadTakeoff Weight - BEW
© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.Slide10
The Weight and Balance Document
Part of ARROWEUpdated by MechanicFor light pistons only once forever unless changedIf changed:New Weight and Balance to be completed
© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.Slide11
The Weight Formula
WAMWeight X Arm = MomentBasic Algebra says:Moment / Weight = ArmThink of Children on a Seesaw
How much weight is applied?How far from the fulcrum is their weight applied?
© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.Slide12
Calculating Position and C.G.
Shifting Weight to Move C.G.Move the larger child towards the datumComputation Table or GraphThe Envelope
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The Weight Shift Formula
MEMORIZE THIS FORMULA:
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Weight Moved
Total Weight of System
Distance C.G. Moved
Distance between C.G. Arms
=Slide14
The Flight ComputerSlide15
The Two Sides
Computer SideWind Side
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Computer Side
Time, Speed, DistanceFuel ConsumptionEstimate vs. ActualAirspeed and Density Altitude
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Wind Side
Favorable WindsConversionsDead Reckoning formula
© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.Slide18
References
Jeppesen Private Pilot Guided Flight ManualPilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical KnowledgePiper Archer II POH
© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.