How France amp England created the conditions for Enlightenment Ideas 1 The Scientific Revolution brought about real change in human thought amp understanding but its impact was mostly felt among intellectuals in the scientific community The Enlightenment produced ideas that for the ID: 499002
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Slide1
American & French Revolutions
How France & England created the conditions for…Slide2
Enlightenment Ideas
1. The Scientific Revolution brought about real change in human thought & understanding, but its impact was mostly felt among intellectuals in the scientific community. The Enlightenment produced ideas that, for the most part,
Had never been tested or used to create a new society or GOV
.
Many intellectuals favored Enlightenment ideas of representative GOV, equality, natural rights, & separation of powers, but
few knew how to implement these ideas & reforms to change society
.
However, unlike what had been seen in other historical movements, these ideas had the
potential to reach every level of society, not just the elite
.Slide3
Enlightenment Ideas
2. While many considered reform to be the “enlightened” method to enact changes in society & government, other felt the more realistic method of achieving reform would be
revolution, overthrow of the existing GOV
.
The two most recognizable & significant revolutions guided by Enlightenment ideas were the
American & French Revolutions
.Slide4
American Revolution
1
. The American Revolution (1776-1784) would be the…
1
st
revolution guided by Enlightenment ideas as American colonists rebelled against the King of England
.
The revolution occurred over…Slide5
American Revolution
1
. The American Revolution (1776-1784) would be the…
1
st
revolution guided by Enlightenment ideas as American colonists rebelled against the King of England
.
The revolution occurred over…
Lack of political representation in England
.
Taxation of the colonies by the English GOV
.Slide6
American Revolution
1. The American Revolution (1776-1784) would be the…
1
st
revolution guided by Enlightenment ideas as American colonists rebelled against the King of England
.
The revolution occurred over…
Lack of political representation in England
.
Taxation of the colonies by the English GOV
.
The calls for liberty, equality, & democracy from patriots
.
Taxation w/o representation would start the revolution, but Enlightenment ideas would drive it & shape the new nation.
The American example
would inspire the French
.Slide7
American Revolution
2
. By the end of the French & Indian War (1754-1763), Britain had won the war, but was in massive debt. In order to recoup their losses,
Britain started to tax their richest colonies
.
Colonies like New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia were
prosperous colonies & disliked being taxed
.Slide8
American Revolution
2. By the end of the French & Indian War (1754-1763), Britain had won the war, but was in massive debt. In order to recoup their losses,
Britain started to tax their richest colonies
.
Colonies like New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia were
prosperous colonies & disliked being taxed
.
American colonies were
not as divided by social class & most colonial GOV’s were headed by middle class men
.Slide9
American Revolution
2
. By the end of the French & Indian War (1754-1763), Britain had won the war, but was in massive debt. In order to recoup their losses,
Britain started to tax their richest colonies
.
Colonies like New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia were
prosperous colonies & disliked being taxed
.
American colonies were
not as divided by social class & most colonial GOV’s were headed by middle class men
.
Politics in the 13 Colonies included
more rights & free discussion than in Europe
.
Any generations of living in America, the
colonists had a different identity than English
.Slide10
American Revolution
3. By 1765, the Stamp Act was passed that taxed all printed materials. Other acts such as the Molasses Act & Townsend Act tried to
pay off the debt from a war that kept the American colonies from France
.
Many colonists objected to these acts as
they felt they needed to have a say in these taxes
.Slide11
American Revolution
3. By 1765, the Stamp Act was passed that taxed all printed materials. Other acts such as the Molasses Act & Townsend Act tried to
pay off the debt from a war that kept the American colonies from France
.
Many colonists objected to these acts as
they felt they needed to have a say in these taxes
.
This idea meant having
representation in Britain’s Parliament
.
By 1776, patriots like Thomas Jefferson decided to declare independence (freedom) from British rule w/ the
Declaration of Independence
.Slide12
American Revolution
3. By 1765, the Stamp Act was passed that taxed all printed materials. Other acts such as the Molasses Act & Townsend Act tried to
pay off the debt from a war that kept the American colonies from France
.
Many colonists objected to these acts as
they felt they needed to have a say in these taxes
.
This idea meant having
representation in Britain’s Parliament
.
By 1776, patriots like Thomas Jefferson decided to declare independence (freedom) from British rule w/ the
Declaration of Independence
.
This outlined colonists’ belief in
natural rights & popular sovereignty (all GOV power comes from the consent of the people)
.Slide13
American Revolution
4. The Declaration also saw the use of Locke’s idea that if GOV does not defend your natural rights, the citizens had the
right to rebel
.
By 1776, the war erupted. From 1776-1784, the
Revolutionary War was waged to win the freedom of American colonists
.Slide14
American Revolution
4. The Declaration also saw the use of Locke’s idea that if GOV does not defend your natural rights, the citizens had the
right to rebel
.
By 1776, the war erupted. From 1776-1784, the
Revolutionary War was waged to win the freedom of American colonists
.
The war went poorly for the Americans, but the colonists gained an
ally in France
.Slide15
American Revolution
4. The Declaration also saw the use of Locke’s idea that if GOV does not defend your natural rights, the citizens had the
right to rebel
.
By 1776, the war erupted. From 1776-1784, the
Revolutionary War was waged to win the freedom of American colonists
.
The war went poorly for the Americans, but the colonists gained an
ally in France
.
Louis XVI of France sent
millions of dollars, weapons, French soldiers & officers, and the French navy to help the Colonists
.
By 1784, the
Treaty of Paris ended the war
.Slide16
American Revolution
5. The Results of the American Revolution:
American colonists gained independence
.
Became known as the United States of America.
Signed the Constitution
.
This outlined the new GOV, limited its powers, & gave rights to all citizens.Slide17
American Revolution
5. The Results of the American Revolution:
American colonists gained independence
.
Became known as the United States of America.
Signed the Constitution
.
This outlined the new GOV, limited its powers, & gave rights to all citizens.
Created a Republic
.
System of GOV were people elect representatives to GOV them, powers are separated/balanced into three branches, and states sharing power w/ the national (federal) GOV.
France became bankrupt & many started to call for reform
.
This was the straw the broke the people’s back as they could not stand anymore crushing taxes.Slide18
French Revolution
1. Despite being our enemy in the Revolutionary War, Britain influenced many of our political ideas, especially w/ its legislature called
Parliament
.
W/ a strong legislature, Britain was a
C
onstitutional Monarchy as the king’s power was limited
.Slide19
French Revolution
1. Despite being our enemy in the Revolutionary War, Britain influenced many of our political ideas, especially w/ its legislature called
Parliament
.
W/ a strong legislature, Britain was a
C
onstitutional Monarchy as the king’s power was limited
.
Unlike in Britain, France
did not have a strong legislature & was ruled by an Absolute Monarchy
.
Its weak legislature that could not limit the King of France’s power (& horrible decisions) was called the
Estates General
.Slide20
French Revolution
2. The Estates General was divided into three estates that represented the class system in France (the have’s vs. the have not’s.)
First Estate:
Clergy, only 1% of the
pop.,
paid no taxes
.Slide21
French Revolution
2. The Estates General was divided into three estates that represented the class system in France (the have’s vs. the have not’s.)
First Estate:
Clergy, only 1% of the
pop.,
paid no taxes
.
Second Estate:
aristocracy, 2% of the
pop.,
paid few taxes
.Slide22
French Revolution
2. The Estates General was divided into three estates that represented the class system in France (the have’s vs. the have not’s.)
First Estate:
Clergy, only 1% of the
pop.,
paid no taxes
.
Second Estate:
aristocracy, 2% of the
pop.,
paid few taxes
.
Third Estate:
the people (everyone else), 97% of the
pop.,
paid
most
taxes
.Slide23
French Revolution
3. The voting process for the Estates General:
Each estate had the same number of representatives
.
Each estate had one vote
.
Majority vote wins the decision
.
What inequalities do we see in this process?
Which estates voted together? Why?
Which estate was the weakest?
Why should this estate be the strongest?Slide24
French Revolution
4
. The French Revolution (1789-1799), has often times been described as time when…
The French people overthrew their king & established a republic, but it failed due to too much radical change
.
It began because of…Slide25
French Revolution
4
. The French Revolution (1789-1799), has often times been described as time when…
The French people overthrew their king & established a republic, but it failed due to too much radical change
.
It began because of…
Inequalities in society
.
The Estates General & the rigid social classes it formed.
Enlightenment Ideas
.
Ideas of equality & natural rights plus success of American Revolution.
Economic Crisis
.
Created by generations of misrule by French Kings.Slide26
The French Revolution Key Terms
Louis XVI
Marie AntoinetteSlide27
The French Revolution Key Terms
Maximilian Robespierre
National AssemblySlide28
The French Revolution Key Terms
Jean-Paul Marat
George-Jacques DantonSlide29
The French Revolution Key Terms
National Convention
Reign of TerrorSlide30
The French Revolution Key Terms
Napoleon Bonaparte
French EmpireSlide31
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