Napoleon as president Louis Napoleon agreed to legislation that would benefit the majority as he had a Catch All ideology Conservatives the conservatives wanted to reeducate France With Louis Napoleons support and acceptance an ID: 592385
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Slide1
Napoleon Domestic Policy 1848-1858Slide2
Napoleon as president
Louis Napoleon agreed to legislation that would benefit the majority as he had a Catch All ideology…
Conservatives
-
the
conservatives wanted to re-educate France. With Louis Napoleon’s support and acceptance, an
Education Act was passed in March 1850
called the
Loi
Falloux
. This act aimed to train children to be obedient and to act accordingly to terms of order and regularity. Also the act wanted children to accept their own free will and the law of labour and duty.
Right
wing groups
(
Orleanists
,
Bonarpartists
, Middle Class, and Legitimists etc
.)
-
In
support of all these groups, Louis Napoleon reduced the influence of the Left-Wing groups (i.e. republicans and socialists) which the majority of France feared. He did this by tightening repressive measures directed at left wing groups during the autumn of 1848. Many supports of socialism under the Democratic Socialist Banner were demobilised so their organisation was disrupted and the socialists weakened.
Clerics
and
Peasants
- Louis
Napoleon’s popularity strengthened with these 2 groups in April 1849 by sending the French Army to re-establish the Pope in Rome illustrating Louis Napoleon’s readiness to support the Catholic
ChurchSlide3
Coup d’etat
Louis Napoleon had used his Presidential powers to remove potential opponents, such as the Commander of the Paris Garrison and had replaced them with reliable allies
.
On the morning of 2 December, troops led by Saint-Arnaud occupied strategic points in Paris. Top opposition leaders were arrested individually by 78 police officers
.
Louis Napoleon declared a new constitution was being framed and said he intended to restore a ‘system established by the first consul
.’
Reacting to this coup, parliamentarians
took
refuge in the mayor's office of the 20th arrondissement of Paris and 220 of them voted to eject Louis-Napoleon from power.
A Parisian insurrection led by Victor Hugo and Victor
Schoelcher
erupted despite tight control by the Army. The insurgents were soon defeated. On 3 December, parliamentarian Alphonse
Baudin
was killed and on 4 December, 200 more people fell victim to the revolution
.Slide4
Consequences of coup
The coup triggered revolts in other places across France. On 5 December, rebellions were reported in big cities, small towns and rural areas in the south-west of France.
A total of 32 departments were put under a state of alert from 8 December and the rebellious areas were controlled in a few days. Opponents were arrested and some were forced to flee. Victor Hugo fled to Brussels, then Jersey, and finally settled with his family on the Channel Island of Guernsey at
Hauteville
House, where he would live in exile until 1870 when Louis-Napoleon fled after his defeat in the Franco-Prussian War.
By the end of the rebellion, 26,000 people were arrested, 9,530 were sent to Algeria and 250 to the prison of Cayenne.
The
Bonapartists
were finally assured of a victory. A new constitution was being drafted. A referendum was organized to ratify the new order and the coup was portrayed as a security operation
.
Napoleon was not emperor Slide5
Emperor and constitution
Inherited a constitution he drew up in the early year as president. The purpose was to give expression in political terms to the
N
apoleonic legend:
Control armed forces
Initiate legislations
Decree for executions
Separation of powers reversed- The executive was made supreme
Prefect was set up in every region to report back to napoleon – opposition, threats, state of public opinion
They were expected to be political agents too – joining parish priests in assisting peasants to vote for Bonaparte candidates in elections for the legislative chamber
Held official banquets for nobility
Plied middle classes with job and contracts
Overall helping emperor to gain support Slide6
“He did not have to destroy opponents – he had won over most of them at the outset”
Do you agree? Why?
National guard suppressed
Demanded oath form all government servants and officials to the head of state in person
Removed freedom of pressSlide7
Domestic policies
Domestic accomplishments of Napoleon
III
Most
important public works were in connection with the promotion of railways. The previous government of Louis Phillipe railways had been inadequate and haphazard and interrupted by a financial collapse which had been one of the causes of the depression in the winter of 1847-48.
Napoleon
intervened to promote more rapid expansion, amalgamating the several undertakings into six great companies, granting land concessions to them for building new lines and facilitating the provision of capital by financiers and bankers.
Measures
were so successful that France nearly trebled her railways construction between 1851 and 1859 and increased her total length of track by nearly six fold in 1870.
This
was really important for businesses so that they could transport goods.
Transformation of Paris
Appointed
Baron
Haussman
to be the prefect of Paris
Over
the year
Haussman
transformed the city into an Imperial showpiece on the scale of London.
Gas lighting was introduced throughout the city and vast new system of sewers was constructed.