Every scripture is inspired by God and useful for teaching for reproof for correction and for training in righteousness that the person dedicated to God may be capable and equipped for every good work ID: 689558
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Slide1
Bibliology And HermeneuticsSlide2
“Every scripture is inspired by God and useful for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the person dedicated to God may be capable and equipped for every good work.”
—2 Timothy 3:16–17
Slide3
Outline
Class Introduction and Authority
Sola Scriptura
Transmission of Scripture
Canonization of the OT
Canonization of the NT
Inspiration
Proving Inspiration
Inerrancy
History of Interpretation
Historical-Grammatical Hermeneutics Slide4
Manuscripts
Inspiration
Mechanical Dictation
Apocrypha
Revelation
Prima Scriptura
Dual-source theory
Bible Translations
Canon
Inerrancy
Interpretation
LXX
Sola Scriptura
Hermeneutics
Authorial Intent
Autographa
Authority
Regula Fidei
GenreSlide5
Session 1
Authority
Who do we trust?Slide6
Authority
Questions:
What does
sola Scriptura
mean?
What is the Roman Catholic understanding of Tradition?
What does Eastern Orthodoxy believe concerning Tradition?What is the difference between sola Scriptura and Solo Scriptura?Slide7
Story of the ReformationSlide8
Authority
"Unless I am convinced by the testimony from scripture or by evident reason—for I confide neither in the Pope nor in a Council alone, since it is certain they have often erred and contradicted themselves—I am held fast by the scriptures adduced by me, and my conscience is held captive by God’s Word, and I neither can nor will revoke anything, seeing it is not safe or right to act against conscience. God help me. Amen.“
—Martin Luther
Diet of Worms, April 18, 1521Slide9
Authority
Five Primary Views:
Sola Ecclesia
Prima Scriptura
Regula Fidei Sola Scriptura Solo ScripturaSlide10
Authority
What Is Tradition?
American Heritage Dictionary:
The passing down of elements of a culture from generation to generation, especially by oral communication.
A mode of thought or behavior followed by a people continuously from generation to generation; a custom or usage.
A body of unwritten religious precepts.
A time-honored practice or set of such practices.Slide11
Authority
Two Types of Tradition in Ecclesiastical History:Slide12
Authority
Tradition 1
:
A “summary” of Christian orthodoxy that has been held by the universal/catholic Church since its inception. It is infallible only because it accurately represents Scripture. If it does not accurately represent Scripture, it is not true Tradition. Therefore, it is subject to the Scripture. Often referred to as the
regula fidei
.Slide13
Authority
Tradition 2
:
An infallible unwritten body of material that contains information beyond that which is contained in Scripture (e.g. Marian dogmas, infallibility of the pope). This Tradition began with the Apostles’ teaching and is passed on through a succession of bishops. It is only revealed when issues arise that make it necessary for a pope or a council to speak authoritatively from this “deposit” of information. Often referred to as “living Tradition.” Slide14
Regula Fidei
“Rule of Faith”
This is a Greek phrase used often in the early Church to refer to the summation of the Christian faith. The
regula fidei
was seen as the faith which was held “always, everywhere, and by all.” It was seen as being inherited and passed on, not through an avenue of inspired or infallible information distinct from that of Scripture, but as representative of the essential doctrinal and moral elements of the faith contained in Scripture.
AuthoritySlide15
Authority
Sola Ecclesia
:
Belief that Tradition, represented by the magisterial authority of the Roman Catholic Church, is infallible and equal to Scripture as a basis for doctrine; it is the final authority in all matters of faith and practice since it must define and interpret Scripture.
Adherents:
Roman Catholics
Tradition: Tradition 2Alternate name: Dual-source theorySlide16
Deposit
of Faith
Age of the Apostles
“. . . contend earnestly for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints.”
—Jude 1:3
Catholic Church
Unwritten Infallible Tradition
Age of the Church
Responsible for
defining and
interpretation
Sola Ecclesia
Scripture
Written Infallible Tradition
400 AD
1000 ADSlide17
Authority
Catechism of the Catholic Church
81
“
Sacred Scripture
is the speech of God as it is put down in writing under the breath of the Holy Spirit.
And [Holy] Tradition transmits in its entirety the Word of God which has been entrusted to the apostles by Christ the Lord and the Holy Spirit. It transmits it to the successors of the apostles so that, enlightened by the Spirit of truth, they may faithfully preserve, expound and spread it abroad by their preaching.82 As a result the Church, to whom the transmission and interpretation of Revelation is entrusted, “does not derive her certainty about all revealed truths from the holy Scriptures alone. Both Scripture and Tradition must be accepted and honored with equal sentiments of devotion and reverence
” (emphasis added).Slide18
Authority
Scripture
Tradition
Experience
General Revelation
Reason
Emotions
Back
FrontSlide19
Authority
What makes a teaching infallible?
Pope speaking alone concerning matters of faith or morals (
ex cathedra
):
e.g., papal bulls, encyclicals
When the pope and bishops speaking together concerning matters of faith or morals: e.g., ecumenical councils and creedsSlide20
Authority
Prima Scriptura
:
Belief that the Body of Christ has two separate sources of authority for faith and practice: 1) the Scriptures and 2) Tradition. Scripture is the primary source for authority, but by itself it is insufficient for all matters of faith and practice. Tradition also contains essential elements needed for the productive Christian life.
Adherents:
Some Roman Catholics, some Eastern Orthodox, some Protestants.
Tradition: Tradition 2Slide21
Deposit
of Faith
Age of the Apostles
“. . . contend earnestly for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints.”
—Jude 1:3
Age of the Church
Prima Scriptura
400 AD
1000 AD
Church
Unwritten Tradition (
paradosis
). Interprets Scripture and contains doctrine and morals that are extrabiblical. Tradition can never contradict Scripture.
Scripture
Written Infallible TraditionSlide22
Authority
Scripture
Tradition
Experience
General Revelation
Reason
Emotions
Back
FrontSlide23
Authority
Regula fidei
:
Lit. “Rule of faith.” Belief that tradition is an infallible “summary” of Scripture passed on through apostolic succession. Ultimately, there is only one source of revelation, but two sources of authority. In other words, Tradition is Scripture.
Adherents:
Eastern Orthodoxy, early Church, some evangelicals.
Tradition: Tradition 1Slide24
Deposit
of Faith
Age of the Apostles
“. . . contend earnestly for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints.”
—Jude 1:3
Age of the Church
Regula Fidei
400 AD
1000 AD
Church
Unwritten Tradition (
paradosis
)/ summary of the Gospel message.
Scripture
Written Infallible TraditionSlide25
Authority
“Any disjunction between Scripture and Tradition such as would treat them as two separate ‘sources of revelation’ must be rejected. The two are correlative. We affirm (1) that Scripture is the main criterion whereby the church tests traditions to determine whether they are truly part of the Holy Tradition or not; (2) that Holy Tradition completes Holy Scriptures in the sense that it safeguards the integrity of the biblical message.”
—Anglican-Orthodox Dialogue: The Dublin Agreed Statement 1984
(Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1985), 50–51Slide26
Authority
“Regarding the relation of Scripture and Tradition, for centuries there seemed to have been a deep difference between Orthodox and Lutheran teaching. Orthodox hear with satisfaction the affirmation of the Lutheran theologians that the formula
sola Scriptura
was always intended to point to God’s revelation, God’s saving act through Christ in the power of the Holy Spirit, and therefore to the holy Tradition of the Church . . . against human traditions that darken the authentic teaching in the Church.”
—Lutheran-Orthodox Dialogue: The Agreed Statements 1985–1989
(Geneva: Lutheran World Federation, 1992), 11Slide27
Authority
Scripture
Tradition=
Experience
General Revelation
Reason
Emotions
Back
FrontSlide28
Authority
Sola Scriptura
:
Belief that Scripture is the final and only infallible authority for the Christian in all matters of faith and practice.
Adherents:
Evangelicals, Reformers
Tradition: Tradition 1Slide29
Deposit
of Faith
Age of the Apostles
“. . . contend earnestly for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints.”
—Jude 1:3
Age of the Church
Sola Scriptura
400 AD
1000 AD
Church
Unwritten tradition (
paradosis
)/ summary of the Gospel message
Scripture
Written Infallible TraditionSlide30
Authority
Scripture
Tradition
Experience
General Revelation
Reason
Emotions
Back
FrontSlide31
Authority
Solo
Scriptura
:
Belief that Scripture is the sole basis and authority in the life of the Christian. Tradition is useless and misleading, and creeds and confessions are the result of man-made traditions.
Adherents:
Fundamentalism, Restoration ChurchesTradition: None (or Tradition 0) Slide32
Deposit
of Faith
Age of the Apostles
“. . . contend earnestly for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints.”
—Jude 1:3
Age of the Church
Solo
Scriptura
400 AD
1000 AD
Scripture
Written Infallible TraditionSlide33
Authority
Scripture
Back
FrontSlide34
Authority
“I have endeavored to read the Scriptures as though no one has read them before me, and I am as much on my guard against reading them today, through the medium of my own views yesterday, or a week ago, as I am against being influenced by any foreign name, authority system whatever.”
–Alexander Campbell
Founder of the Disciples of ChristSlide35
Sola Ecclesia
Prima Scriptura
Sola Scriptura
Solo Scriptura
Absolute Individualism
Absolute Authoritarianism
Individualistic Respect for Authority
Regula fidei
Dual-source view of authority and revelation
Single-source view of authority and revelationSlide36
Sola Ecclesia
Prima Scriptura
Sola Scriptura
Solo Scriptura
Absolute Individualism
Absolute Authoritarianism
Individualistic Respect for Authority
Roman Catholicism
Eastern Orthodoxy
Reformed (Protestants)
Radical (Protestants)
Dual- source view of authority and revelation
Single-source view of authority and revelation
Regula fideiSlide37
Prima Scriptura
Sola Scriptura
Solo Scriptura
Absolute Individualism
Absolute Authoritarianism
Individualistic Respect for Authority
High View of Scripture
Supreme View of Tradition
Supreme View of Scripture
Low View of Tradition
Scripture is the primary and only infallible authority for the Christian in all matters of faith and practice. Tradition, as represented by the Church, is important and useful, but not paramount and infallible. Tradition is true to the degree that it agrees with Scripture.
Tradition, represented by the magisterial authority of the Roman Catholic Church, is infallible and equal to Scripture as a basis for doctrine; it is the final authority in all matters of faith and practice since it must define and interpret Scripture.
Scripture is the sole basis and authority in the life of the Christian; Tradition is useless and misleading. Creeds and confessions are the result of man-made traditions.
Sola Ecclesia
Regula fideiSlide38
Prima Scriptura
Sola Scriptura
Solo Scriptura
Absolute Individualism
Absolute Authoritarianism
Individualistic Respect for Authority
Roman Catholicism
Eastern Orthodoxy
Reformed (Protestants)
Radical (Protestants)
Early Church Through Reformation
Catholic Counter-Reformation
Radical Reformation
Sola Ecclesia
Regula fideiSlide39
Prima Scriptura
Sola Scriptura
Solo Scriptura
Bible Churches
Anglicans
Independent Churches
Lutherans
Baptists
Presbyterians
Methodists
Eastern Orthodox
Roman Catholic
Church of Christ
Disciples of Christ
Sola Ecclesia
Regula fidei
ReformedSlide40
Sola Ecclesia
Prima Scriptura
Sola Scriptura
Solo Scriptura
Absolute certainty found in individual
Absolute certainty found in institutions
Moral certainty found in community and Spirit-led individual
Dual-source view of authority and revelation
Single-source view of authority and revelation
Regula fidei
Pneumatalistic Communalism
Rationalistic Objectivism
Rationalistic ObjectivismSlide41
Discussion Groups