PDF-Chapter 10: Alkyl HalidesCRXAlkyl halideXCCXAryl halideVinyl halideX =

Propagation3 TerminationFree radical chlorination is not very useful for making alkyl chloridespolychlorinationnonspecific chlorinationCCHHCHHCHHHHHHCC lCCHClCHHCHHHHHH3070Cl2 hnHCHHCHCCHHH. Structures and Properties. Halogen is connected to a tetrahedral carbon. The carbon-halogen bond is polarized with the carbon having a partial positive charge and the halogen having a partial negative charge. Preparation of . Haloalkanes. . by Halogenation. Preparation . Aryl Chlorides . by . Electrophilic. Substitution. Halogen . Exchange. Free radical chlorination or . bromination. of . alkanes. gives a complex 287 . Structure. Alkyl halides (R−X) have an alkyl group joined to a halogen atom by a single . bond.. As . you go down the periodic . table,. the . size of the halogen atom . increases. the . C−X bond is . King Saud University . Chemistry Department. 145 Chem. 1. 145 Chem. 2. King Saud University . Chemistry Department. CH. 3. -X and R-CH. 2. -X : Primary alkyl halide.. (R). 2. -CH-X : Secondary alkyl halide.. 145 Chem. 1. 145 Chem. 2. Alkyl Halides. 145 . Chem. 3. CH. 3. -X and R-CH. 2. -X : Primary alkyl halide.. (R). 2. -CH-X : Secondary alkyl halide.. (R). 3. -C-X : Tertiary alkyl halide.. . Ether. Chemistry 11. Ms. McGrath. Ethers. General formula: Ethers are organic compounds that have two alkyl groups joined by an oxygen atom.. R-O-R’, where R and R’ are two alkyl groups (they can be the same or different). Dr. . Shatha. I . Alaqeel. 108 . Chem. Learning Objectives. Chapter five discusses the following topics and by the end of this chapter the students will:. . . Recognize the structure and classes of alkyl halides. 45. -Alcohols . have the general formula R. -. OH and are characterized by the presence of a . hydroxyl group, . -. OH. . -Phenols . have a hydroxyl group attached directly to an aromatic ring. . -Thiols . Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry. Organic Chemistry I. S. Imbriglio. Functional Groups. A . functional group. . is a group of atoms within a molecule that has a . ___________________________.. Unit 7. Ethers!. Ether – organic compounds . where two alkyl or aryl groups joined singly with an oxygen atom. R-O-R’ R-O-Ar Ar-O-Ar. Ethers. Symmetrical ethers – 2 identical groups bonded to the oxygen. The Structure of Alkanes. Nomenclature of Organic Compounds. Alkyl groups. Numbering the parent carbon chain. The root name is that of the longest continuous carbon chain (. parent carbon chain. ) . Groups attached to the main chain are called . Alkanes-. Alkenes-. Alkynes-. Cycloalkanes- . alkanes in which all or some of the carbon atoms are arranged in rings. General Formulas. Alkanes- C. n. H. 2n 2. Alkenes- C. n. H. 2n. Alkynes- C. n. H. Amines. may be considered as derivatives of ammonia, NH. 3. , in which . an alkyl or aryl group. has replaced one or more of the . hydrogen. . . Those . amines . that carry only alkyl groups are classified as . Packet #1 (blue). (Buckle up, kiddoes!). Organic Chemistry. = The study of carbon-containing compounds. More specifically: those compounds that have a . carbon backbone. There are well over 1 million known organic compounds!.