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 Chromosomes “Colored Bodies”  Chromosomes “Colored Bodies”

Chromosomes “Colored Bodies” - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2020-04-03

Chromosomes “Colored Bodies” - PPT Presentation

Chromosomes carry genetic information Chromosomes are wound up DNA Diploid Every body cell has 2 sets of chromosomes n number of chromosomes Normal body cells have 2n 2 x n chromosomes ID: 774793

chromosomes syndrome sex chromosome chromosomes syndrome sex chromosome female cell trisomy male extra body mental deletion arm egg sperm

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Chromosomes

“Colored Bodies”

Slide2

Chromosomes carry genetic information

Chromosomes are wound up DNA

Slide3

Diploid – Every body cell has 2 sets of chromosomes

n = number of chromosomes

Normal body cells have 2n (2 x n) chromosomes

Humans have 23 pairs = 46 chromosomes

2n =

Diploid

(double)

Slide4

Cell cycle chromosome numbers

G1 – normal growing cell =S – DNA duplicates = G2 – cell grows =M – Mitosis, cell divides

2n

2n

4n

4n

4n

 2n

Slide5

Haploid - Sex Cells

Sexual reproduction Produces sperm and egg with only one set of chromosomes (1n)

1n =

haploid

(half)

Sperm = 1n Egg = 1n

Fertilized zygote = 2n

Slide6

Sex determination

What causes Male and female?Female= XXMale= XYAutosome vs sex chromosomes

Slide7

Karyotype

Sorting chromosomes photo to check for chromosome abnormalitiesWhat is the sex of this patient?Male = XY

Slide8

Chromosomes are only visible during mitosis

Chromosomes must be photographed and sorted

Slide9

Non – Disjunction

When chromosomes do not separate during meiosisThis forms an abnormal number of chromosomes in sex cellsTrisomy – 3Monosomy – 1

Slide10

Down’s syndrome - Trisomy 21

extra 21st chromosomeCharacteristic facial flatteningDecreased mental ability

Slide11

Edward’s Syndrome - Trisomy 18

Extra 18th chromosomeOrgan and body deformationEarly death.

Slide12

Patua Syndrome or Trisomy 13

Extra chromosome 13Early Death. External symptoms are similar to Edward's. Cleft palate

Slide13

Turner syndrome = XO female

Only one X chromosomeshort statureBroad / thicklack of secondary sex characteristics

Slide14

Klinefelter Syndrome - XXY male

Male with Slight female characteristicslower IQ and mild mental handicap

Slide15

Trisomy X - XXX female

lowered intelligence. lack of secondary sex characteristics.SterileCan be “normal”

Slide16

Cri du Chat (cat cry) Syndrome

Deletion of a small arm of chromosome 5cat-like cry round face, heart disease mental handicap.

Slide17

Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome

Deletion of a segment of chromosome 4's short arm. Affects scalp, nose, lips, palate

Slide18

13 q -Syndrome

Deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13. Severe malformations of face