The War At - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

The War At Sea

By: Anna Lopatukhin, Vaishnavie Sivanantham, Desciree Lyog and Jennifer LeSlide2

Background

1914-1915: Germany attacked Belgium

Britain declared war on Germany

Resulted in battle of Germany vs Britain

Germany did this to:

decrease Britain’s superiority

to dominate waterways

win against strongest Empire (Great Britain)Slide3

New Technology

its effect on warSlide4

Dreadnaughts

Began with the naval arms race between Britain and Germany to have the largest navy

New ships→ dreadnaughts

“Castles-of-steel”

Quickly lost their usefulness

Soldiers who were trained in the new technology now had seen their weapons become waste

Detrimental to economySlide5

German DreadnoughtSlide6

Artillery

Artillery on the ships was very destructive

Ten 12 inch guns, eighteen 4 inch guns, five torpedo tubes

Made the war much more destructive and dangerousSlide7

Navy Yard, big gun section of the shopsSlide8

U-Boats (submarines)

Dreadnaughts were used to transport materials by Britain

U-boats could sink dreadnaughts

Forced Britain to come up with new ways to transport and detect ships

Triggered a domino ally affectSlide9

Example of a u-boat under constructionSlide10

Complex inner machinery of

a submarineSlide11

Value of the SubmarineSlide12

German Counter Attack

Germans plan to break blockade with “U-boats”

Germans waited for enemy targets and released torpedos

German submarine sank 5 British cruisers

Britain and Germany relied on U-boats for supplies of food, raw materials, medical equipment, artillery and more, to prevent enemies from damaging the supplies

During the war submarines were fitted with deck guns

British anti-submarines submarine

-sank 17 U-boats during the conflict

The sub vs. sub success led to British development of the R class submarineSlide13

History of U-Boats

Germany had a well respected, short history, of submarine building

Britain, America, Japan etc., all took their share of the U-Boats and used them as a template for their own versions.

War went downhill for Germany in 1918

-was not able to turn the war in their favor

The German retreat in 1918 affected the U-boats

*despite the enforcement of a massive U-boat building programmes Slide14

“To all U-boats: Commence return from patrol at once. Because of ongoing negotiations any hostile actions against merchant vessels are prohibited. Returning U-boats are allowed to attack warships only in daylight. End of message. Admiral”Slide15

Strategies

how the war at sea

played outSlide16

Trade Blockade

a vital coercive element in the maintenance of British naval supremacy

British navy moved quickly to strangle the supply of goods to Germany and it’s allies

British naval ships spent the war patrolling the North Sea

aggressive displays of maritime power lead to considerable anger in neutral countriesSlide17

Trade Blockade

tension was heightened when the North Sea was considered British ‘military area’ November 3, 1914

blockade strategy worked effectively

few supplies were reaching Germany or it’s Allies

Austria’s Adriatic ports were subject to a French blockade since the first month of warSlide18

Submarine Warfare

Germany used U-boats to counter the effects of the trade blockade

U-boats were deployed intermittently against neutral and allied shipping most of the war

February 1, 1917, Germany adopted a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare

policy of attacking all ships headed to Britain with torpedoes

provoked the USA into entering war against the Central Powers

blockade continued unabatedSlide19

Convoy System

Strategy based on a collection of ships travelling under armed protection

Worked by providing escort vessels for merchant ships

escorts guarded against surface gunfire attacksSlide20

Example of merchant ship travelling under armed protection.Slide21

Convoy System

Merchant/neutral ships would be escorted by:

a cruiser

6 destroyers

11 armed trawlers

a pair of torpedo boats with aerial reconnaissance equipment that could detect underwater submarinesSlide22

Canada’s ContributionSlide23

1914 : Canada’s Lack of Preparation

less than 350 men in troop

two ships: HMCS Rainbow & HMCS Niobe

due to this lack of armed forces, Canada had limited participation

although, thousands went to serve in Royal Navy

canada seacrafts carried out anti-submarine operations in coast

also supported Royal Canadian Air Force along NE seaboard of NASlide24
Slide25

Royal Canadian Army

guards colonies & trade routes

ensuring there are no blockades

as war progressed, R.C.N. became 3rd largest fleet (in world)

100,000 men (soldiers)

6500 women (doctors/services)

471 warships/vessels

sunk several enemy subs (28) and vessels

lost 24 ships/vessels but came out victorious (suffered several casualties)Slide26

18th Canadian Field AmbulanceSlide27

Canada’s Significance:

3rd largest fleet + helped defeat enemy troops

supplied Britain with resources

allowed Britain to win war at sea

and remain as the most powerful on the seaSlide28

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