AP PARTS On the shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep Where the foes haughty host in dread silence reposes What is that which the breeze oer the towering steep As it fitfully blows now conceals now discloses Now it catches the gleam of the mornings first beam ID: 557287
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Slide1
The Second War for Independence (War of 1812)Slide2
AP PARTS
On the shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,
What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,
As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses? Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,
In full glory reflected now shines on the stream;
'Tis
the star-spangled banner; O long may it wave O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!Slide3
Causes of the War of 1812
U.S. tried to remain neutral b/w French & British conflicts
1793 Proclamation of Neutrality
1807 Embargo against British goods
U.S. could no longer tolerate British violations of commercial rights as a neutral nation
Impressment
Firing upon U.S. Navy vessels –’The Chesapeake’
GB Naval blockade preventing U.S. trade w/ Europe
GB assisted Native Americans in the west
‘War Hawks’
from western states (and often Dem –Republicans) saw war as an opportunity to seize more territory from Britain (Canada)
Most Federalists were anti-warSlide4Slide5
The War for Canada
US invaded Canada in 1813,
never succeeded taking over the major cities like Montreal
Succeeded on the water
better ships including the
USS Constitution “old ironsides’
Gained control Lake Erie & Lake Ontario under Oliver Hazard Perry
American forces
burned Toronto
Successful on the US side of the Great Lakes;
Battle of the ThamesSlide6Slide7
The Burning of the Capital
British occupied the Chesapeake in 1814
Sent forces overland to capture Washington, DC
Set fire to the Capitol building & the White House
Much of the valuable art and founding documents were saved by First Lady,
Dolly Madison
The second phase of the attack that went to capture Baltimore failed
The
Battle of Fort McHenry
is commemorated by Francis Scott Key in his poem “the Star Spangled Banner”Slide8
The Hero of New Orleans
General Andrew Jackson
had victories against the Creek Indians
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
in Mississippi territory,
Later won victory in FL over the Spanish
Final victory of the war will occur at the
Battle of New Orleans
(several weeks after the formal truce w/the
Treaty of GhentSlide9
“Not one inch of territory ceded or lost
”
Treaty of Ghent
; Signed 12/24/1814
Armistice & restoration of lost territory
War Hawk claims for declaring war were never mentioned in the treaty
Treaty of Rush-
Bagot
(1817)
granted the US commercial privileges
GB demilitarized the Great LakesSlide10
End of the Federalists
Federalists were upset with the war through its duration
Hartford Convention
(1814) MA, CT, RI, NH & VT sent delegates to draw a list of grievances
Financial help from the federal
gov’t
to cover lost trade
Amendment for 2/3 vote for Congress to declare an embargo, admit new states or declare war
Abolition of the 3/5
th
Compromise
Limit president’s to one term
No two successive presidents from the same state
Their lack of loyalty brought the end to the
party
Ushers in the
Era of Good Feelings
Democratic-Republicans
are the only political party