Vocabulary 8 th U.S. History - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Vocabulary

8

th

U.S. HistorySlide2

Exploration

Absolute chronology

Relative chronology

Exploration

Trade

ResourceSlide3

Absolute Chronology

Events that happen on a specific dateSlide4

Absolute chronology

Forms:

N/A

Example:

The scientists were able to identify the

absolute chronology

of the item through carbon dating it.

Question to Ponder:

Would a graph illustrating the severity of earthquakes in a given year illustrate “absolute chronology?”Slide5

Relative Chronology

Events that happen on during a specific period of timeSlide6

Relative chronology

Forms:

N/A

Example:

The archaeologists used the soil samples to identify the

relative chronology

of the artifacts.

Question to Ponder:

Would the rings on a tree help a botanist identify its “relative chronology?” Slide7

Exploration

Having traveled to new territories for adventure or discoverySlide8

Exploration

Forms:

Explore

Explores

Exploring

Explored

Explorer

Example:

The sailors arrived on the beach, eager to

explore

their new surroundings.

Question to Ponder:

Would an “explorer” need to discover a territory that has already been mapped?Slide9

Trade

Purchasing or selling thingsSlide10

trade

Forms:

Trades

Trader

Trading

Traded

Example:

I

traded

my phone for a pencil in Mrs. Fisher’s class.

Question to Ponder:

Would I “trade” something if I ‘borrowed’ it without asking?Slide11

Resource

Something that a country can use to increase its wealthSlide12

Resource

Forms:

Resources

Resourced

Resourcing

Example:

One of the greatest later twentieth century

resources

in the world was oil.

Question to Ponder:

Would a hurricane be considered a “resource” for a country?Slide13

Early Colonization

Colony

Persecution

Political

Economic

SocialSlide14

Colony

Group of people who migrate to and settle in new landsSlide15

Colony

Forms:

Colonies

Colonial

Colonist

Colonize

Colonized

Colonizing

Colonization

Example:

English citizens came to the New World to establish a

colony

.

Question to Ponder:

Would a person who sets up a tent in his/her backyard be establishing a “colony?”Slide16

Persecution

Treating someone cruelly or unfairly due to ethnicity or personal beliefsSlide17

Persecution

Forms:

Persecuting

Persecuted

Persecutor

Example:

Some colonists came to the New World because of religious

persecution

in their own country.

Question to Ponder:

Could a person be “persecuted” if he/she was dressed differently than other people?Slide18

Political

Pertaining to the governmentSlide19

Political

Forms:

Politics

Politician

Example:

The

political

world in the U.S. is focused on the presidential election.

Question to Ponder:

Would student representatives be considered part of a “political” organization?Slide20

Economic

Pertaining to moneySlide21

Economic

Forms:

Economy

Economies

Example:

The

economy

is doing better than it was in 2008.

Question to Ponder:

Would opening a successful business help someone’s

economic

standing?Slide22

Social

Pertaining to societySlide23

Social

Forms:

Society

Societies

Example:

As a diverse country, we have many different

social

traditions.

Question to Ponder:

Would holidays be considered part of someone’s “social” culture?Slide24

First Colonies

Missionary

Burgess

Analyze

Evaluate

Criteria Slide25

Missionary

Person sent to another place to spread their religious beliefs to nativesSlide26

Missionary

Forms:

Missionaries

Missioner

Example:

Spanish explorers sent

missionaries

to convert the inhabitants of Central America.

Question to Ponder:

If a person convinced someone else to believe his/her religious beliefs, would he/she be considered a “missionary?”Slide27

Burgess

Representative in colonial governmentSlide28

burgess

Forms:

Burgesses

Example:

The colonial

burgess

established new laws for the colony.

Question to Ponder:

Would a king and queen need to create a “burgess“ In order to run their country?Slide29

Analyze

Carefully studying somethingSlide30

analyze

Forms:

Analyzes

Analyzing

Analyzed

Analyzer

Example:

The scientist

analyzed

the blood sample for any abnormalities.

Question to Ponder:

Would I have successfully “analyzed” a puzzle if I could not identify the big picture?Slide31

Evaluate

Carefully judging something’s worthSlide32

Evaluate

Forms:

Evaluates

Evaluating

Evaluated

Evaluation

Example:

The student’s work was

evaluated

by the teacher.

Question to Ponder:

Would a person need to “evaluate” the situation in order to determine how to act accordingly?Slide33

criteria

Something used as a reason for making a judgment or decisionSlide34

criteria

Forms:

Criterions

Criterion

Example:

The club had few

criteria

required for membership.

Question to Ponder:

Should a student check the assignment’s “criteria” before handing it in to the teacher?Slide35

Southern Colonies

Primary Source

Secondary Source

Slavery

Cash Crop

Agriculture Slide36

Primary source

Information recorded at the time of the eventSlide37

Primary source

Forms:

Primary sources

Example:

The

primary source

letter from the colonial leader helped the student understand the burgess.

Question to Ponder:

Would a picture taken at last week’s football game be considered a “primary source?”Slide38

Secondary source

Information derived from primary sourcesSlide39

Secondary source

Forms:

Secondary sources

Example:

The teacher used the textbook as a

secondary source

for students to understand history.

Question to Ponder:

Would the text you sent to your friend about the game she was unable to attend be considered a “secondary source?”Slide40

slavery

The practice of keeping a person as property and forcing them to serve another personSlide41

slavery

Forms:

Slave

Slaves

Enslaved

Example:

The Atlantic

slave

trade began after the Portuguese explored the African coastline.

Question to Ponder:

Would a parent requiring a child to do their chores be an example of “slavery?”Slide42

Cash Crop

Crops that are grown to be sold for a profitSlide43

Cash Crop

Forms:

Cash crops

Example:

Early southern colonists planted tobacco as a staple

cash crop

.

Question to Ponder:

If I grew wheat and kept it to mill into flour, and then sell the flour, would I have a “cash crop?”Slide44

Agriculture

Farming or ranchingSlide45

Agriculture

Forms:

Agricultures

Agricultural

Agriculturally

Agriculturalist

Example:

I learned about the basics of crop production in

agriculture

class.

Question to Ponder:

Would I be considered an “agriculturalist” if I raised chickens and cows?Slide46

Southern Colonies II

Tolerance

Debt

Population

Protestant

Roman Catholic Slide47

Tolerance

Fair attitude for a person’s different beliefsSlide48

Tolerance

Forms:

Tolerate

Tolerates

Tolerant

Example:

People are more

tolerant

today than in past generations.

Question to Ponder:

If a person judged others because they acted differently, would this person be considered “tolerant?”Slide49

Debt

Amount of money that is owed to someone elseSlide50

Debt

Forms:

Debts

Debtor

Debtors

Indebted

Example:

Indentured servants owed a

debt

to the people who brought them over to the New World from England.

Question to Ponder:

Would I owe a “debt” if I borrowed someone’s notes from when I was absent?Slide51

Population

Number of people who live in a placeSlide52

population

Forms:

Populations

Populated

Populates

Populating

Example:

The southern

population

of the colonies increased after the introduction of tobacco to the New World.

Question to Ponder:

Would birth rates and death rates contribute to “population” totals?Slide53

Protestant

Christian believer who is not a member of the Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox ChurchSlide54

protestant

Forms:

Protestants

Example:

There are many

protestant

religions in the world.

Question to Ponder:

If I follow the teachings of the Pope, am I considered a “protestant?” Slide55

Roman Catholic

Christian believer belonging to the church that is led by the Pope in RomeSlide56

Roman Catholic

Forms:

Roman Catholics

Roman Catholicism

Example:

Many families in Mexico are

Roman Catholic

because the Spanish explorers were primarily Catholic.

Question to Ponder:

If I belonged to the Greek Orthodox Church, am I a “Roman Catholic?”Slide57

New

england

colonies

Representative government

Migration

Theocracy

Mercantilism

Contract Slide58

Representative government

Government where citizens vote representatives into political officeSlide59

Representative government

Forms:

N/A

Example:

Every four years, citizens of the U.S. vote for members in our

representative government

.

Question to Ponder:

If every citizen votes for every law, is this an example of “representative government?”Slide60

Migration

To move from one place to anotherSlide61

migration

Forms:

Migrate

Migrates

Migrating

Migrated

Example:

As colonies expanded, free colonists

migrated

further west.

Question to Ponder:

Do immigrants “migrate?”Slide62

theocracy

Governmental system that combines religious and political jobsSlide63

theocracy

Forms:

Theocracies

Theocratic

Example:

Many New England colonial assemblies had

theocratic

systems.

Question to Ponder:

If a governor led a colonial assembly, would they have a “theocracy?”Slide64

mercantilism

System of exporting raw materials to the mother country, who then transforms the materials into goods for purchaseSlide65

mercantilism

Forms:

Mercantile system

Example:

England used

mercantilism

with its colonies in order to amass wealth.

Question to Ponder:

If the U.S. exported its raw materials to other countries for consumption, would it be considered “mercantilism?”Slide66

contract

Lawful agreementSlide67

contract

Forms:

Contracts

Example:

The colonists signed a

contract

to ensure everyone knew the laws before setting foot on Plymouth Rock.

Question to Ponder:

Is a pinky promise considered a “contract?”Slide68

Colonial Life

Self-government

Governor

Cause

Effect

CategorizeSlide69

Self-government

Governmental rule by the inhabitants of the nationSlide70

Self-government

Forms:

Self-governed

Self-governing

Self-governance

Example:

The Mayflower Compact was an example of

self-government

in the colonies.

Question to Ponder:

Would a nation that rules another country tar away be ruling by “self-governance?”Slide71

Governor

Person placed in charge of a societySlide72

governor

Forms:

Governors

Governorship

Example:

In a proprietary colony, a

governor

was placed in charge of a colony’s government.

Question to Ponder:

Would a “governor” be in charge of a school?Slide73

Cause

Something that produces an effect or resultSlide74

Cause

Forms:

Causes

Caused

Causing

Causal

Example:

Religious persecution was a

cause

for many New England colonists’ migration to the New World.

Question to Ponder:

Would watching my husband play video games instead of doing my work be a “cause” for why this question is stupid?Slide75

Effect

Result after something happensSlide76

Effect

Forms:

Effects

Effected

Effecting

Example:

The geography of the New World

effected

the colonies’ economic system.

Question to Ponder:

Would being tired when you take a test have an “effect” on your success?Slide77

Categorize

Putting something into a group of similar characteristicsSlide78

Categorize

Forms:

Categorizes

Categorizing

Categorized

Categorization

Example:

GA, SC, NC, VA, and MD can be

categorized

as southern colonies because they share similar motivations for coming to the New World.

Question to Ponder:

Does the librarian have a “categorized” system for how she shelves her books?Slide79

Colonial Conflicts

Territory

Treaty

Parliament

Proclamation

TariffSlide80

Territory

An area of land that is controlled by a governmentSlide81

territory

Forms:

Territories

Territorial

Example:

Throughout the years, indentured servants moved into western

territories

inn the Appalachian Mts.

Question to Ponder:

Would my backyard be considered a “territory?”Slide82

treaty

Official agreement made between two or more countries Slide83

treaty

Forms:

Treaties

Example:

After the war was over, the countries came to an agreement and signed a

treaty

.

Question to Ponder:

If my best friend and I have a fight, would we need to sign a “treaty” afterward?Slide84

parliament

Great Britain’s legislative body that makes the lawsSlide85

parliament

Forms:

Parliamentary

Example:

Great Britain’s

Parliament

made many of the laws that governed the American colonists.

Question to Ponder:

Does the U.S. have a “parliamentary” government?Slide86

proclamation

Official or public statementSlide87

proclamation

Forms:

Proclaim

Proclaims

Proclaimed

Proclaiming

Example:

The colonists reacted to the king’s

proclamation

forbidding them to colonize west.

Question to Ponder:

If Mr. Hubbard did an all-call about Homecoming events, would it be considered a “proclamation?”Slide88

tariff

Taxes put on imports and exportsSlide89

tariff

Forms:

Tariffs

Example:

Many of the colonists became angry when

tariffs

on imports became increasingly high.

Question to Ponder:

If the U.S. received new cars from Japan to sell to America, would we need to pay a “tariff?”Slide90

Road to Independence

i

Boycott

Natural rights

Petition

Resolution

Civil disobedience Slide91

boycott

Refusing to buy or use something in protestSlide92

boycott

Forms:

Boycotts

Boycotting

Boycotted

Example:

Many colonists

boycotted

British goods after high taxes were placed on their goods.

Question to Ponder:

If I decided not to use an iPad charger on my iPhone, have I “boycotted” anything?Slide93

Natural right

Rights identified by natural lawsSlide94

Natural right

Forms:

Natural rights

Example:

Many colonists supported Locke’s idea of

natural rights

of life and liberty.

Question to Ponder:

Is dying my hair a different color part of my “natural rights” as an individual?Slide95

petition

Written document signed by many individuals for the purpose of changeSlide96

petition

Forms:

Petitions

Petitioned

Petitioning

Petitioner

Example:

The colonials

petitioned

King George III to stop implementing taxes without consulting the colonists.

Question to Ponder:

If I signed a “petition,” would I be saying that I do not approve of what the petitioners want?Slide97

resolution

Formal opinion voted by an assembly Slide98

resolution

Forms:

Resolutions

Example:

The colonists passed a series of

resolutions

that outlined their displeasure at the king’s actions.

Question to Ponder:

Would an newspaper editor’s editorial article be considered a “resolution?”Slide99

Civil disobedience

Refusal to obey laws as a way of forcing the government to do or change something without the intent to injureSlide100

Civil disobedience

Forms:

N/A

Example:

Some of the colonists believed

civil disobedience

was the next step in getting their message to the king.

Question to Ponder:

Would a sit-in be an example of “civil disobedience?”Slide101

Road to Independence

Ii

Diplomacy

Militia

Liberty

Grievance

RepresentationSlide102

Diplomacy

Work of maintaining good relations between the governments of different countriesSlide103

diplomacy

Forms:

Diplomat

Diplomats

Diplomatic

Example:

The colonists tried to use

diplomatic

methods to convince King George III to change his policies.

Question to Ponder:

If a person acted as a mediator between two countries who were engaged in a conflict with one another, would that person be a “diplomat?”Slide104

Liberty

Freedom to act and speak freelySlide105

liberty

Forms:

Liberties

Example:

After diplomacy failed, the colonists rebelled against Great Britain to achieve their

liberty

.

Question to Ponder:

Does the first amendment protect our civil “liberties?”Slide106

militia

Civilians who are trained as soldiersSlide107

militia

Forms:

Militias

Militiamen

Example:

The American

militia

was trained by the Marquis de Lafayette.

Question to Ponder:

Would a “militia” receive a normal paycheck like a soldier?Slide108

grievance

Reason for complaints concerning an unfair situationSlide109

grievance

Forms:

Grievances

Example:

The colonists felt their

grievances

against their crown were warranted.

Question to Ponder:

Would not getting the last cookie at lunch be cause for a “grievance?”Slide110

representation

Individual or group that speaks or acts for another person or groupSlide111

representation

Forms:

Represent

Represents

Representative

Representatives

Represented

Representing

Example:

The Virginia House of Burgesses was the first example of using

representatives

in colonial government.

Question to Ponder:

Were colonists “represented” in British government during the 1700s?