The CHANGING STRUCTURE OF THE CITY Human Geography by Malinowski amp Kaplan Copyright The McGrawHill Companies Inc Permission required for reproduction or display 14 1 Chapter 14 Modules ID: 667031
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Chapter 14 LECTURE OUTLINE
The
CHANGING STRUCTURE OF THE CITY
Human Geography
by Malinowski & Kaplan
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
14-
1Slide2
Chapter 14 Modules
14A Early Urban Morphology14B Three Historical Urban Types14C Land Values, Densities, and Urban Form14D Transportation and Modern Urban Growth14E Housing the City14F Urban Development in Europe and Japan14G Cities in Less Developed CountriesCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.14-2Slide3
14A: Early Urban Morphology 1
Morphology means form or shapeAll cities share:An urban populationAn urban centerA perimeter, such as a wall and gatesA transportation networkCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.14-3Slide4
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14-4Figure 14A.2The Law of the IndiesSlide5
14A: Early Urban
Morphology 2Transportation networks can beOrganicStreet systems develop as the city grows, even if the pattern is oddPlannedGrid systems like ManhattanCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.14-5Slide6
14B: Three Historical Urban Types 1
Ancient CityPerimeter wallElite compound at center for temple, key government functionsRoads were planned and unplannedStructures were rarely tallCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.14-6Slide7
14B: Three Historical Urban Types 2
Trading CityCentered on a marketplaceCentral squareMarket near the town gatesStreet patterns were meant to help merchantsWarehouses nearbyGuild hallsCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.14-7Slide8
14B: Three Historical Urban Types 3
Industrial CityFocused on factoriesFactories located near waterWarehouses with nearby hotelsRailroads connecting city to main portsTenements and worker housingCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.14-8Slide9
14C: Land Values, Densities, & Urban Form
Land values are generally highest near the Central Business District (CBD)Often has a peak value intersection (PVI)Nodal pointLand Value = function ( site, internal situation)Internal situation relates to accessCities can have daytime and nighttime densitiesCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.14-9Slide10
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14-10Figure 14C.1Land Values in the CitySlide11
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14-11Figure 14C.2[insert figure 14C.2 here]Urban Functions & Land ValuesSlide12
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14-12Figure 14C.3Urban Functions & Land ValuesSlide13
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14-13Figure 14C.5The Density GradientSlide14
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14-14Figure 14C.6Density in ClevelandSlide15
14D: Transportation & Modern Urban Growth 1
Transportation affected the shaping of American citiesThe walking city before 1850 only had a radius of about 2 milesCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.14-15Slide16
14D: Transportation & Modern Urban Growth 2
The streetcar city started with horse-drawn omnibuses that were replaced horse-drawn streetcars and finally with electric streetcars at the end of the 19th centuryCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.14-16Slide17
14D: Transportation & Modern Urban Growth 3
The auto-centered is distinct from earlier forms.CBD surrounded by an inner city that were the streetcar suburbsOn the outskirts, a ring of edge cities that are shopping and business districts among near suburban housingBedroom communitiesCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.14-17Slide18
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14-18Figure 14D.6Interstate Highway SystemSlide19
14D: Concentric Zone Model
Early model of the modern cityCBDCBD fringeZone of transitionZone of independent workingmen’s homesResidential zoneCommuters zoneCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.14-
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14D: Sector Model
A modification of the concentric zone modelHigh-rent areas (5) are far from factories (2)Low-rent areas (3) are next to undesirable factories and warehousesMiddle-income areas (4) are in-between high- and low-rent areasCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.14-20Slide21
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14-21Figure 14E.1Homeownership Over TimeSlide22
14E: Housing the City
Over time, wealthier families move from older housing into newer housing (“filtering”)Vacancies are filled by less prosperous familiesOlder housing may be subdivided and turned into rental unitsOver time, some poorer areas become wealthy again through gentrification Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.14-22Slide23
14E: Housing the City
Subprime lending refers to mortgages made to people who do not qualify for regular mortgagesIf the rates are unfair, it can be predatory lendingCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.14-23Slide24
14F: Urban Development in Europe & Japan
A mix of old and new buildings because of World War IIBecause of the rebuilding, there are often experimental areasMore government control over cities than the U.S.Cities end abruptly and transition to the countryside in some areasGreen belts in some areasMany European cities are compactCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.14-24Slide25
14G: Cities in Less Developed Countries
High growth rates but also high poverty make urban planning a challengeFormal sectorJobs in industry, established services, and governmentInformal sectorSelling items on the street, gambling, scavenging, trade in illegal substances or activitiesTemporary structures for immigrants are sometimes called squatter settlementsPoor population, little or no water, sanitation infrastructure, or electricityCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
14-25Slide26
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14-26Figure 14G.4Latin America City Model