Training for Mangers and Supervisors What is Ergonomics The science of fitting jobs to people Ergonomics uses knowledge of physical abilities limitations amp human characteristics that apply to job design ID: 277676
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ergonomics
Training for Mangers and SupervisorsSlide2
What is Ergonomics
The science of fitting jobs to people.
Ergonomics uses knowledge of physical abilities, limitations & human characteristics that apply to job design. Slide3
Ergonomic Design
Considers the tasks, equipment & environment to provide efficient use of worker capabilities while ensuring that job demands do not exceed those capabilitiesSlide4
Why ergonomics?Slide5
Proper ergonomics can
Improve Efficiency
Increase Production Capability
Reduce Workplace Injuries
Lower Workers’ Comp Costs
Reduce AbsenteeismSlide6
Muscular skeletal disordersSlide7
Muscular Skeletal Disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are an injury or illness to soft body tissue such as:
Muscles
Nerves
Tendons
Ligaments
Joints
Cartilage
Spinal DiscsSlide8
Muscular Skeletal Disorders include
Strains & Sprains
Soreness or Pain
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Connective tissue disordersSlide9
Muscular Skeletal Disorders
MSDs are medical conditions that develop gradually over a period of time.
MSDs do not typically result from a single instantaneous event. Slide10
Causes of Muscular Skeletal Disorders
Bending
Climbing
Crawling
Reaching
Twisting
Overexertion
Repetitive Exposure
StandingSlide11
Risk factorsSlide12
Risk Factors
Risk Factors are the elements of workstation design or employee action that can result in Muscular-Skeletal Disorders.
Environmental Factors
Activity FactorsSlide13
Environment Risk Factors
Heat or cold
Lighting
Vibration
Tool design
NoiseSlide14
Activity Risk Factors
Static or awkward postures
Improper gripping
Improper lifting
Repetitive MotionSlide15
Heat & Cold
Heat effects:
Blood circulation
Causes cramps, burns, rashes and general discomfort.
Cold effects:
The body's blood circulation
Causes hypothermia, loss of flexibility, distraction and poor dexterity.
Comfortable temperature range:
68 to 74 degrees
Humidity 20 – 60%Slide16
Vibration
Excessive vibration causes pain to muscles, joints and internal organs.
Soft tissue trauma to the hands, arms, feet and legs. Slide17
Lighting
Under & over lighted areas causes:
Headaches
Muscle strains
Fatigue
Eye strain
Poorly lighted areas also contributes to trip & fall hazards & poor coordination.Slide18
Tool design
Handle shape
Control type
Control location
Vibration
Impact
PressureSlide19
Noise
Noise peaks above 100 decibels cause:
Headaches
Increased blood pressure
Muscle tension & fatigue
Irritability & distractionSlide20
Force & Exertion
Forceful exertions place higher loads on the muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints.
Factors:
Weight
Bulkiness
SpeedSlide21
Posture
Prolonged standing - varicose veins, back stress, pooling of blood in legs.
Sitting without back support - low back stress.
Seat too high - decreased circulation, (legs dangling over end) bruises.Slide22
Posture
Shoulders rounded - Upper/lower back stress, respiratory distress.
Leaning forward - Lower back stress
.
Arms extended or over-reaching - Stress to arm muscles, upper back stress.Slide23
Posture
Elbows "winged" - Joint stress at shoulder, poor use of bicep muscles.
Stepping backwards - Loss of balance, displaced gravity, muscle stress.
Locking knees - Stress to back of knee, poor blood circulation
Bent Wrist – excessive force when gripping.Slide24
Repetition
Frequent & prolonged repetition of the same movements cause muscle fatigue and stress.
Factors that increase repetition hazards:
Number of cycles per minute.
Force required.
PostureSlide25
Gripping
Factors that increase gripping hazards:
Bent wrist
Surface area
Surface friction
Vibration
Type of gripSlide26
Lifting
Factors that increase lifting hazards:
Weight
Size
Repetition
Twisting
Bending
Reaching
MethodSlide27
Control measurersSlide28
Hazard Controls
Engineering Controls
Administrative Controls
Work Practice ControlsSlide29
Engineering Controls
Re-design of work station
Re-design of tools
Lighting modification
Vibration control
Noise Control
Automation
Mechanical Lifting
Material FlowSlide30
Administrative Controls
Employee rotation.
Job task enlargement.
Adjustment of work pace.
Redesign of work methods.
Alternative tasks.
Rest breaks.Slide31
Work Practice Controls
Work techniques & procedures.
Conditioning period.
Training Lifting techniques.
Personal Protective Equipment.Slide32
Analysis toolsSlide33
Checklists
Basic Screening Tool
General Risk Analysis
Computer Work Stations
Hand Tool Analysis
Hazard Identification
Task Analysis
Workstation EvaluationSlide34
Program elementsSlide35
Program Elements
Management Leadership
Employee Participation
Hazard Identification
Hazard Information
Medical Management
Program Evaluation
RecordkeepingSlide36
Management Leadership
Assign responsibilities.
Provide authority, resources & information.
Examine existing policies.
Take action to correct problems.
Communicate regularly with employees.Slide37
Hazard Identification
Reports of signs, symptoms & hazards.
Recommendations from employees & supervisors.
Records review of existing safety & health records.
Routine facility safety & health inspections.Slide38
Information & Training
Signs & symptoms.
Importance of early reporting.
Specific hazards & controls.
Reporting MSDs & hazards.
How to recommend control methods.
Protective Measures.
Ergonomics program & their role.
OSHA standard requirements. Slide39
Employee Involvement
Report of signs, symptoms & hazards.
Hazard control recommendations.
Access to information. Slide40
MSD Management
Prompt response.
Work restrictions or other measures.
Prompt access to a health care professional.
Written Medical Opinion.
Medical Follow-up.Slide41
Program Evaluation
MSD records
Engineering Controls
Administrative Controls
Work Practice Controls
OpinionsSlide42
Recordkeeping
Reports of MSD or hazards.
Responses to employee reports.
Job hazard analysis.
Hazard control records.
Ergonomics program evaluation.
MSD management records.