David Wong Jeremy Gunawan Francisco Rubiolo Matthew Morin Thesis To aid the Allies in the fight against Hitler the USA sent supplies overseas to which Germany responded by shooting them down with Uboats To protect their ships Allied inventors developed ID: 586560
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Slide1
Battle of the Atlantic
David Wong, Jeremy Gunawan, Francisco Rubiolo, Matthew MorinSlide2
Thesis
To aid the Allies in the fight against Hitler, the U.S.A. sent supplies overseas, to which Germany responded by shooting them down with U-boats. To protect their ships, Allied inventors developed
new
technologies
to find and eliminate these aquatic assassins at a rate faster than the Germans could improve them. Coupled with defensive strategies, these innovations enabled the Allied victory on the Atlantic Ocean and secured them trade routes that would allow them to win the war.Slide3
Important Information
Date: Sept. 1939-May 1945
Lasted for ~69 months
Started when Britain declared war on Germany, until Germany surrendered.
The long battle was fought so that the Allies had a way to resupply the British and the Russians.
Germany wanted to cut off Allied provisioningSlide4
Countries involved in the Battle
Allies:
United States, Canada, Britain, France, Norway, Netherlands, and the Polish
Axis Powers:
Nazi Germany and the Kingdom of Italy Slide5
Facts: Massive Casualties
More than 3,000 Allied ships were lost (“World War II: Battle of the Atlantic”)
Over
130,000
Allied sailors lost their lives in the battle.
1,100 German submarines were produced during the war, nearly 800 were lost to Allies
28,000 of 40,000 German U-boat sailors were killed in the Battle of Atlantic. Slide6
TimelineSlide7
U-Boats (Unter-Sea Boots)
“Undersea boat,” German submarines (Harper)
Invented by Wilhelm Bauer in the 1850s
U-Boats were most successful when in a group, hunting at night
The British called these groups “wolf packs”
uboats.netSlide8
German Strategy
Due to the failure of Germany’s super battleships, the Nazi navy, under the command of Admiral Karl Donitz, used their Unterseeboots more.
Wolfpack tactics developed to counter the increased number of escorts.
When lots of U-Boats surround and attack a convoy, similar to a wolf pack
The Germans controlled an area called the “Black pit” which was unreachable by the allied land-based aircraft, making it an ideal hunting ground for the U-boats.Slide9
Beginning of the Battle
USA ships sent supplies to Britain and France
German and Italian U-Boats target and destroy many Allied convoys
Battled for control of the Atlantic shipping lanesSlide10
Middle of the Battle
German U-Boats slowly become less effective, as the Allies started developing new technology:
Radar
Hedgehog
Leigh Light
uboats.netSlide11
Technology
Radars
RA
dio
D
etection
A
nd
R
anging
Made U-Boats
much less effective
Hedgehog (weapon)
Anti-Submarine Missiles
Allies used these underwater missiles to destroy U-Boats
They explode on contact
To hide Hedgehogs from German sonars, the Allied airship would
explode depth charges at predetermined depths to create massive
turbulence, making it a lot harder for the German U-Boats to track the
Hedgehogs
Leigh Light
A powerful spotlight mounted on British airplanes to spot German U-Boats
Once spotted, the U-Boat has less than a minute before it gets attacked by Allied ships
ussslater.org
community.canvaslms.comSlide12
Germans used this machine to send encrypted messages.
Essentially “encoding” a secret message, but unlike A→B and B→C (a one-to-one ratio),
it can become A→B and A→C.
What made cracking the
Enigma
so difficult is that the machine encrypted differently with every key press.
For example, pressing “AAAA” could yield the result of “WMEV”.
Seemed uncrackable until British
Alan Turing
cracked the machine using a flaw where a letter cannot encode itself.
Became a commercial machine, other countries started using it.
This allowed the Allies to know that
German attacks were coming
(which helped them)
Enigma Machine
www.scienceabc.com
www.trbmig.comSlide13
Map of the Battle of the
Atlantic
Purple = Area of maximum U-Boat patrol
Black = Allied Blockade
Orange = Area where Axis U-boats ambushed allied supply ships
Green = Allied Convoy routeSlide14
Black May of 1943
German U-Boats are getting destroyed by the Allies
Germans lost a TON of U-Boats
Allied technology was beating the Germans
General Dönitz (German) draws his forces back from the North Atlantic on May 24, 1943
(“
Donitz Withdraws His U Boats From the Atlantic”
)Slide15
End of the Battle
Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945
More than 30,000 sailors were killed on each side
Allies lost roughly 3,500 supply ships
Also lost 175 warships
Germans lost 783 U-Boats (Nelson)Slide16
Works Cited
Bowen, James. “THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC STRAINS EVEN AMERICA’S VAST RESOURCES.”
THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC STRAINS EVEN AMERICAS VAST RESOURCES
, www.pacificwar.org.au/Battle_Atlantic.html. Accessed 6 Apr. 2017.
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Encyclopædia Britannica
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ultra-Allied-intelligence-project
>.
“Destroyer Escorts in the Atlantic.”
Destroyer Escort Historical Museum
, www.ussslater.org/history/dehistory/history_atlanticbattle.html. Accessed 4 Apr. 2017.
"Donitz Withdraws His U Boats from the Atlantic."
WWII Today
. Ed. Martin Cherrett. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2017.
“German U-Boat."
German U-Boats and Battle of the Atlantic
. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2017.
Harper, Douglas. “U-Boat.”
Online Etymology Dictionary
, www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=U-boat&allowed_in_frame=0. Accessed 5 Apr. 2017.
Hughes, Thomas A., and Marc Miller. “Battle of the Atlantic.”
Encyclopædia Britannica
, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 20 Apr. 2015, www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Atlantic. Accessed 5 Apr. 2017.
"Leigh Light."
HistoryOfWar.org
. N.p., 7 June 2007. Web. 20 Apr. 2017.
Nelson, Ken. " World War II for Kids: Battle of the Atlantic ."
Ducksters
. Technological Solutions, Inc. (TSI), Apr. 2017. Web. 20 Apr. 2017.
The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "U-boat."
Encyclopædia Britannica
. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 25 June 2014. Web. 05 Apr. 2017. <
https://www.britannica.com/technology/U-boat
>.
"Timeline of the Battle of the Atl
antic."
Second World War History
. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2017.
"Uboat.net."
The German U-boats of WWII (Kriegsmarine) and WWI (Kaiserliche Marine)
. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2017.
“World War II: Battle of the Atlantic.”
Ducksters Educational Site
, www.ducksters.com/history/world_war_ii/battle_of_the_atlantic.php. Accessed 6 Apr. 2017.