Causes of the Civil War Disagreement over future of Slavery States rights over centralized Federal power Breakdown in party politics Cultural and economic differences bw North and South The South Secedes ID: 694116
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Slide1
The Civil War & ReconstructionSlide2Slide3Slide4
Causes of the Civil War
Disagreement over future of Slavery
States’ rights over centralized Federal power
Breakdown in party politics
Cultural and economic differences b/w North
and SouthSlide5
The South Secedes
Dec. 20, 1860-Feb. 1, 1861
: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas
February 1, 1861
: Delegates from 7 seceded states meet in Montgomery, AL and draft the Constitution of the Confederate States of America (CSA)
February 18, 1861
: CSA elect Jefferson Davis of Miss. as president
April-May 1861: Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas secede7 of 8 American military colleges located in South, CSA assembles armyNorth has naval superiorityApril 1861: Confederate forces fire on U.S. Fort Sumter in S. CarolinaUnion sends ships to blockade southern ports on Atlantic Ocean, gun boats down the Mississippi River to divide the South in twoSlide6Slide7
Key Battles
Battle of Bull Run:
USA begins well, but CSA pulls out win
Lincoln realizes USA needs a better trained army
1862: Gen. Ulysses S. Grant sends USA ships down Tennessee and Cumberland rivers splitting Kentucky and W. Tenn. from rest of South
Battle of Antietam:
Union victory in Virginia, bloodiest day in US history
British decide to wait and see whether to recognize the CSA as a nation-stateVicksburg: fighting lasted for two months, last CSA port on Miss. R. fallsGettysburg: CSA Gen. Robert E. Lee moves into Pennsylvania after CSA victories at Fredericksburg and ChancellorsvillePickett’s Charge: 7,000 CSA troops die in half an hour, Union defenses holdBritish decide not to recognize the CSAUS Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman begins “March to the Sea” through GAPillages, scorched earth tactics, destroys railroads, warehouses, mills, and factoriesSlide8Slide9
Emancipation Proclamation
Before war, Democrats oppose ending slavery, Republicans divided
As death toll rises, North begins to favor ending slavery to punish South
September 22, 1862
: Lincoln issues proclamation saying all slaves in states at war with the Union to be freed after January 1, 1863
War now seen not as war to preserve Union, but as war of liberationSlide10
War Ends
April 9, 1865
: CSA Gen. Lee surrenders Appomattox Court House, VA
U.S. Grant promises USA will not prosecute CSA soldiers
Allows CSA soldiers to return home in peace
April 14, 1865
: President Lincoln assassinated, shot by actor John Wilkes Booth
at Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C.Civil War referred to as first modern warCivilian army fights majority of war, not professional soldiersCone shaped bullets allow for more accuracyTrenches and barricades protect soldiersWar of Attrition: wear down the other sideModern war + old tactics/strategies= much blood/deathSlide11
Reconstruction
Reconstruction
: plan to readmit Southern states into the Union
Lincoln Plan
: general amnesty to Southerners who take loyalty oath, some government officials and military officers not included
Radical Republican Plan
: divides South into five military districts, gets rid of Lincoln Plan now favored by President Andrew Johnson
When President Johnson removed Sec. of War without Senate approval, the Senate shows its displeasure with Johnson by impeaching himReconstruction Amendments:Amendment XIII: Bans slavery in United StatesAmendment XIV: All people born in the USA are citizensAmendment XV: Male citizens of USA cannot be denied right to vote for race, prior slaverySlide12
The Reconstruction south
1870: All former CSA states readmitted to USA
The Freedman’s Bureau
helps former slaves
Carpetbaggers
: Northerners who moved to south to make money or run
gov.Scalawags
: Southerners who worked with Northern Republicans in SouthRepublicans elected across the South, many African-Americans elected 1869: U.S. Grant elected president1870s: Democrats begin to regain power in South1876 Presidential Election too close to call, some votes questionedCompromise of 1877: Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes given victory in exchange for pull out of federal troops from SouthAfter Reconstruction, extreme white supremacist groups terrorize the South trying to “restore racial order”, Democrats pass “Black Codes” to weaken rights of African-American citizens.Slide13