Exploring Electricity and Magnetism Presented by SRP - PowerPoint Presentation

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Exploring Electricity and Magnetism Presented by SRP

Kevin Rolfe- Education Representative, Salt River Project

Sarah Sleasman- 4

th

Grade teacher,

Excelencia

Elementary

Robin Inskeep- STEM Coach,

Tolleson

School DistrictSlide2

Agenda Introductions and logistics

Basics of MagnetismElectromagnetsBasics of ElectricitySimple, Series, and Parallel CircuitsElectricity GenerationWrap up and ResourcesSlide3

Basics of MagnetismSlide4

1st Magnetism Activity

“Magnetic Characteristics”Procedures:

Have students list small objects from the classroom or their desks and the material each is made from

Students predict whether or not they think that object will be attracted to a magnet

Test their predictions with a magnetSlide5

What is Magnetism?

Any material that attracts ferromagnetic materials including iron, steel, cobalt and nickelCan be permanent or temporarySlide6

Magnetism Basics

S

N

Magnets can be made in a variety of shapes, but all magnets have 2 poles

Opposite poles attract

Like poles repel

All magnets have

lines of force

extending from one pole to the other in the 3 dimensional space around them

Only Certain Types of Materials Exhibit

MagnetismSlide7

Magnetic Lines of Flux

N magnet S

Magnetic Field

Magnetic lines do not cross

each other.

The lines go from North

to South on the magnet.Slide8

Magnets Attracting Each Other

Pulling

N S

N SSlide9

Magnets Opposing Each Other

N S

N S

Pushing ApartSlide10

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2

nd

Magnetism Activity

Magnetic Lines of Flux

N magnet SSlide11

The Earth is a MagnetSlide12

What are the characteristics?

North and south poles“di”-polesBreak the magnet in half and you will have two separate magnets

3 dimensional field of attraction

Transfer magnetic propertiesSlide13

Magnetic DomainsSlide14

Where do magnets come from?

Nature

Man-made materials from:

Ceramic

Alnico (aluminum, nickel, & cobalt)

Flexible rubber-like material

Created using current (electricity)Slide15

3Rd Magnetism Activity

Make an electromagnet with:WireIron bolt or nailBattery 1.5volts

CompassSlide16

Uses for Magnets in Everyday Life

Homes

Door bells

Microwaves

TV’s

Speakers

Hard Drive

Electricity

Schools

Whiteboard MagnetsSlide17

4th Magnetic Activity

Paperclip Pick-upProcedures:Students made predictions about how many paperclips they can pick up using the fishing pole magnet (1 only, 2, 3 etc.)

Using the fishing pole magnets, students test their predictions (no stacking allowed!)

Students will see that surface area affects the amount of paper clips the magnet can pick up (it’s not simply additive!)Slide18

Magnetism Activities

“Magnetic Characteristics”“Lines of Flux”“Electromagnet”“Paper Clip Pick Up”

Summarize findings & Review class worksheetsSlide19

Basics of ElectricitySlide20

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Safety Note

Always be careful around electricity.

Make sure an adult is present during experiments and demonstrations using electricity.

Use only low voltage for demonstrations (6 volts dc or less)

Take care to prevent shorts on batteries

Never allow the positive and negative terminals to touch the same metal object (short)

Use plastic covers on batteries when not in use

Never use electricity from a wall outlet in any of these classroom demonstration. Use the batteries or generators.Slide21

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Electricity Basics

Electricity is…..

The flow of electrons

The energy supplied by batteries and generators (current electricity)

The shock you can get from rubbing your feet on the carpet (static electricity)

A bolt of lightning! (static electricity)Slide22

All Matter is Made up of Atoms

MATTER

(Diamond, coal)

ELEMENT

(Carbon,

Oxygen

)

ATOM

(particles)Slide23

Atoms

What is an Atom?

The smallest component in all things

Made up of three smaller particles

Protons (+)

Neutrons (no charge)

Electrons (-)

Strive for stability

Charged atom = ionSlide24

Opposites Attract

Particles with opposite charges attract each other.

Attraction

+

_

+

_Slide25

Charged Atom (Ion)

Stable atoms have equal protons and electron

Stable atoms have no charge

Free electrons will seek positively charged ions to create

stability

Stable Atom

+++

---

Positive Ion

+++

--

Negative Ion

++

- - -Slide26

Static Electricity

The imbalance of positive and negative chargesExample: a build up of negative charges in a storm cloud will travel to the ground in the form of lightningSlide27

Static Electricity

Start with a doorknob – no charge

Walk along carpet: strip electrons from carpet that collect in your body… You become negatively charged

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Approach the doorknob and the positive charges move toward you. Negative charges move away.

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Static Electricity

When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity.

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Static Electricity

When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity.

Now you and the doorknob have the same charge.

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1st Electricity

ActivitY

“Opposites Attract”Slide31

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2

nd

Electricity Activity

“

Fun with

Styrofoam and Tape

”Slide32

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Electricity & Ben Franklin

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)

1740

’

s – Proposed the notion of positive and negative charges that maintain a balance except when influenced by some means.

1752 – Famous kite experiments identify lightning as a form of electrical discharge. Led to his invention of the lightning rod.Slide33

BreakSlide34

Current Electricity

Electric current is the movement of free electrons from atom to atomTo start the free electrons moving an electromotive force is needed. Generator BatteriesSlide35

Simulating Electric CurrentSlide36

3rd Electricity Activity

Demonstration of Electromotive Force“Flow of Electrons”Slide37

Electricity Activities

“Flow of Electrons”“Fun with Styrofoam”

Demonstration of Electromotive Force

Summarize Results & Review Class Worksheets Slide38

Electric CircuitsSlide39

What is a circuit?

A circuit is a conductor path for electric current to travel through.Current will flow only if the path is a complete loop from negative to positiveSlide40

1st Circuit Activity

Make a Simple CircuitProcedure:Give students materials to make a circuit and allow them to explore connecting them in different ways to make the light bulb lightAllow students to find all the ways they can make the light bulb light

Discuss what are the necessary components of a circuit.Slide41

What makes a simple circuit?

A simple circuit consists of:A source - battery or generator

Conductors (path for current to flow)

An electric resistor or electric load - light bulb or an electromagnetSlide42

Open and Closed Circuits

Open CircuitClosed Circuit

A break in the pathway

Electricity cannot flow

A complete pathway

Electricity is able to flowSlide43

Circuit BallsSlide44

2nd Circuits Activity

Conductor vs. Insulator ExperimentSlide45

Conductors

Materials that pass electricity easilyExamples:Copper

Silver

Gold

Aluminum

All other metalsSlide46

Insulators

Materials that resist electricity flow

Examples:

Wood

Rubber

Porcelain

Glass

Air

Cloth

PaperSlide47

Voltage and CurrentSlide48

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Voltage & Current

Voltage

Electric potential difference between two points

Pushes electrons

Measured in Volts

Supplied by batteries,

generators (electric outlets), fuel cells, etc.

Current

Flow of electrons

Measured in Amps

1 amp = 6,240,000,000,000,000 electrons moving past a point every second (Coulomb)Slide49

Voltage is like Pressure

WaterHigher pressure pushes water to flow fasterYou can have pressure without flow

Electricity

Higher voltage pushes electrons to move faster (higher current)

You can have voltage without current

Pressure

PressureSlide50

Current is like water flow

WaterFlow of waterThe pressure determines how fast the water moves through the pipe

There is no water flow without pressure

Electricity

Flow of electrons

The voltage determines how fast the electrons move through the wire

There is no current without voltage

Flow

FlowSlide51

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Electricity & Thomas Edison

Thomas Edison (1847-1931)

1870

’

s – invented the first commercially practical incandescent light with a carbon filament.

1880 – Edison founded the Edison Electric Illuminating Company the first electric utility in New York City.Slide52

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Circuits:

Series and ParallelSlide53

Series Circuit

In Thomas Edison’s day, most lights were connected in series (one after another)Christmas tree lights are sometimes connected in seriesWhat happens if we add another light bulb?Slide54

Series Circuit – Adding bulbs

Do the bulbs get brighter or dimmer?Why would they change?What if we add a million light bulbs?Slide55

3rd Circuits Activity

Series circuit demonstrationSlide56

Parallel Circuit

By making a loop for each bulb we can make a parallel circuitWhat are the benefits? What happens if we add another bulb?Slide57

Parallel Circuit – Adding bulbs

Will the brightness of the bulbs change?Why or why not? What if we add a million bulbs?Slide58

4TH Circuits Activity

Parallel circuit demonstrationSlide59

Moving Electrons

Trade out your battery with a hand-crank generator.What’s generating your electromotive force now?Slide60

How Do You Get Electricity?Slide61

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Questions to Ponder

How can you use this in your classroom?

What would you revise?

What would come next?Slide62

Review:

Basics of MagnetismExploring MagnetsMagnetic CharacteristicsFerromagnetic materialsLines of Force/Flux – The Magnetic FieldElectromagnets

Magnets in Everyday LifeSlide63

Review:

Basics of Electricity:SafetyFlow of ElectronsOpposite charges attractStatic ElectricityCurrent ElectricitySlide64

Review:

Electric Circuits:Simple CircuitsOpen and Closed CircuitsConductors and InsulatorsSeries CircuitsParallel CircuitsVoltage and CurrentSlide65

Free workshops and MaterialsSlide66

EvaluationsPlease take a moment to fill out the evaluation in the back of your folder

Don’t forget your certificate in the back of the roomTHANK YOU!!Slide67

Questions?

Kevin RolfeSRP Community Outreach

Education Representative

(602) 236-2798

Kevin.Rolfe@srpnet.com