Examples of uni dimensional traits Surveys Locus of Control Type AB Tolerance of Ambiguity Need for Cognition Bem SexRole Inventory Personal Attributes Questionnaire PAQ Locus of Control ID: 314632
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Slide1
Objective Personality TestsSlide2
Examples of uni
-dimensional traits
Surveys
Locus of Control
Type
A/B
Tolerance of
Ambiguity
Need for Cognition
Bem
Sex-Role
Inventory
Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ
)Slide3
Locus of Control
Julian Rotter
1966Internal
vs
External
Control of reinforcement
Internal = own action determines rewards
External = rewards determined by luck, fate, chanceSlide4
Type A/B
Friedman and Jordan
1950s
Type A = ambitious, rigidly organized, highly status conscious, sensitive, truthful, impatient, try to help others, meet deadlines, multi-task
Type B = apathetic, patient, relaxed, easy-going, no sense of time schedule, poor organizational skillsSlide5
Tolerance for Ambiguity
MSTAT - Multiple
Stimulus
T
ypes Ambiguity Tolerance
David McLain 1993
“ability to tolerate contradictory and incalculable information”
Trait or state
?Slide6
Need for Cognition
Cacioppo
and Petty1982
“tendency for an individual to engage in and enjoy thinking”Slide7
Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI)
Sandra
Bem
1974
Masculine and feminine traits
20 m traits, 20 f, 20 “distractors”
Gender roles = how people identify themselves psychologicallySlide8
Bem “alternatives”
Gender Traits Test –
link
Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ)
Spence,
Helmreich
and
Stapp
– 1974
Instrumental and expressive characteristics Slide9
Examples of uni
-dimensional traits
Behavioral
Impulsive/Reflective (
Kagan
- Matching familiar figures)
Field Dependent/Independent (
Witkin
- embedded figures)Slide10
Impulsive/Reflective
Matching Familiar Figures – (MFF)
Jerome
Kagan
– 1965
Based on time to react
Slower, more accurate = reflective
Faster, less accurate = impulsiveSlide11
Field Dependent/Independent
Embedded Figures Test – (EFT)
Herman
Witkin
– 1950’sSlide12
Field Dependent
–
has trouble finding geometric shape embedded in background = very interpersonal, reads social cues well, openly convey own feelings. Women more likely field dependentSlide13
Field independent
– readily finds geometric shape regardless of background = has internal frame of reference, imposes own sense of order on situation lacking structure, impersonal and task oriented, separate own self identity from field. Men frequently field independent.Slide14