18121824 Chapter 12 AMH2010 Themes War of 1812 and Treaty of Ghent The Myth of Victory American System Monroe Doctrine Causes of the War British support for hostile Indians Ship seizures and impressment ID: 436215
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The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism1812-1824
Chapter 12
AMH2010Slide2
ThemesWar of 1812 and Treaty of GhentThe Myth of VictoryAmerican System
Monroe DoctrineSlide3
Causes of the WarBritish support for hostile Indians.Ship seizures and impressment.Desire for expansion to our natural borders: Canada and Florida.
Supported by the South and West, opposed by New England.Slide4
British Naval BlockadeCrushed us economically.Forced us to become economically self sufficient
-Long term boon for industry.
Individual naval battles– “Old Ironsides.”
US attacks Canada several times and is unsuccessful.
US decides to find success on the water.Slide5Slide6
1813 CampaignBritish and Indians defeated at the Battle of Thames by Wm. Henry Harrison’s army.Control of the Great Lakes was vital, Oliver Hazard Perry, with a fleet of green-timbered ships on Lake Erie.
“We have met the enemy and they are ours.”
Perry’s victory gave the US control of the Great Lakes.
America faced the British alone.
Napoleon was vanquished and thousands of veteran redcoats came to America.Slide7
1814 CampaignIn August 1814, the British landed a four thousand troops in the Chesapeake Bay.Bladensburg races.The British army entered Washington D.C. and burned down many public buildings such as the Capital building and the White House.
In Baltimore, the American forces repulsed the British.
The British Navy hammered Fort McHenry while a detained American, Francis Scott Key, watched and was inspired to write the Star Spangled Banner. Based on a English drinking song. Slide8Slide9
1815 CampaignJanuary– British attempt to seize New Orleans to take Louisiana.Jackson placed in command at New Orleans, seven thousand soldiers.Sailors, regulars, pirates, Frenchmen, and 400 free black volunteers.
The British made a full frontal assault on the Americans.
Seven thousand casualties in ½ hour for the British, opposed to seventy for the Americans.
The British were forced to retreat and withdrawal.
Unfortunately, a Peace Treaty had been signed two weeks before the battle.Slide10Slide11
Treaty of GhentBritish wanted harsh demands at first due to their “military successes.”General Wellington advised against further hostilities.The treaty was basically an armistice, both sides agreed to stop fighting.
None of the issues such as impressment were mentioned.
“Status Quo Ante Bellum.”
A Virtual Draw.Slide12
Hartford ConventionDuring the war, New Englanders made a lot of money through illicit trade with Canada.New Englanders from various states met in Hartford, Connecticut to discuss their complaints.
Met for three weeks during the winter of 1814-1815.
Talks included secession, financial assistance from Washington, and abolishing the 3/5 compromise.
The effect of Hartford Convention was that the Federalist were seen as disloyal, which led to their decline. Slide13
Rise of NationalismMyth: “ We had defeated the mighty British once again!”
Second War of independence?
-maintained our independence
Economy grew
Great migration West
A surge in Nationalism.Slide14
Henry Clay’s American SystemInternal improvements: - Strong banking system to provide steady credit.
- Protective tariff and revenue.
- A network of roads, canals, and later RRs.
New England opposed these improvements
- suspicious due to migration West.Slide15
Era of Good Feelings1816 election: last time federalist ran a candidate- they were crushed.James Monroe was elected.Federalist faded away.
Everyone became a republican.
However, sectionalism was starting to become a problem.Slide16
Panic of 1819Over speculation in frontier lands led by the Bank of the US. - Investors sold land or defaulted on loans.
- Depositors panicked and ran on banks= depression.
- Poor hurt the worst.
The seeds of Jacksonian Democracy were sown.
Plight of people in debtors prison.Slide17
Land Act of 1820Land sold at $1.25 cash an acre.The West demanded cheap money and good roads.1819- Missouri seeks admission as a slave state.
House of Representative halted admission as slave state and passed the Tallmadge Amendment.
This amendment stipulated that no more slave were to be brought into Missouri.
Poor settlers and the South protested.
The amendment was defeated in the Senate.Slide18
Regional balance of powerIncreased population in the North gave free states control of the House.11 – 11 alliance gave South legislative veto power in the Senate.
Presidents tended to be Southerners.
South controlled the courts.Slide19
Henry Clay works a dealMissouri admitted as a slave state, but Maine district of Massachusetts is admitted as a free state.This Missouri Compromise maintained regional balance of power.
Slavery was permitted below 36’30’
- prohibited North of 36’30’.
- bulk of territory became free.
The Missouri Compromise was a temporary solution
- lasted 34 years
- Jefferson predicted “Slavery will burst on us like a tornado.”Slide20Slide21
Monroe DoctrineResponse to European encroachment in the Western Hemisphere - Russia, England, France, and Spain have claims in N. or S.
America.
- 1823 Presidential message aimed at the monarchies of Europe.
Hunting season was over in North America.
No colonization in America.
Heads of Europe were not amused.