BODY TYPES -A classification of body types or physique has been thought of to distinguish - PowerPoint Presentation

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BODY TYPES

-A classification of body types or physique has been thought of to distinguish certain physiological and personality traits.

What’s your Body Types?

Two Classification of Body Types

Ernest

Kretschmer

A German Psychiatrist

He

wrote that among his patients a frail, rather weak

(

asthenic

)

body build as well as a muscular

(athletic)

physique were frequently characteristic of schizophrenic patients, while a short, rotund (pyknic) build was often found among manic-depressive.

William Sheldon

-

 (born November 19, 1898, 

Warwick

, 

Rhode Island

, U.S.—died September 16, 1977, 

Cambridge

, 

Massachusetts

), American psychologist and physician who was best known for his theory associating physique, 

personality

, and 

delinquency

..

Sheldon attended the University of Chicago, where he received a Ph.D. in 

psychology

 in 1926 and an M.D. in

1933.

-

Sheldon

became convinced that the psychological makeup of humans had

biological foundations. He constructed a classification system that associated physiology and psychology, which he outlined in 

The Varieties of Human Physique

 (1940) and 

The Varieties

of Temperament

 (1942).

-Sheldon

classified people according to three body

types:

1. endomorph

s, who are rounded and soft, were said to have a tendency toward a “

viscerotonic

” personality (i.e., relaxed, comfortable,

extroverted)

2.

mesomorph

s

, who are square and muscular, were said to have a tendency toward a “

somotonic

” personality (i.e., active, dynamic, assertive,

aggressive)

3.

ectomorph

s

, who are thin and fine-boned, were said to have a tendency toward a “

cerebrotonic

” personality (i.e., introverted, thoughtful, inhibited, sensitive).

Kretschmer’s

Body Types

Asthenic

Athletic

Kretschmer’s

Body Types

Sheldon’s Body Types

Characteristics

Asthenic

Ectomorph

Lean, slim, shallow-

chested

, and tall in proportion to their weight.

2. Athletic

Mesomorph

Muscular individual

with broad shoulders, well-developed chest, robust and strong.3. Pyknic EndomorphBroad, rounded figure, large head, heavy neck, and rudy face4 . Dysplastic____ ____ _____ ______Abnormal bodies/ abnormal builds

Ectomorph

Mesomorph

Endomorph

Skinny, linear/ ruler appearance

Naturally lean

Smooth, round body

Lightly muscled

Naturally muscular

Gains muscle easily, but tends to be underdeveloped

Small joints/ boned

Medium size joints/ bones

Medium/ large joints/ bones

Low body fat (without exercising or following low calorie diets)

Naturally strong

High levels of body fat (may be overweight)

Small shoulders, chest and buttocks

Broad/ square shoulders

Small shoulders, high waist and large hips creating a pear-shaped physique

Long arms and legs

Body fat evenly distributed

Difficult to keep lost body fat off

Difficulty gaining weight

Losing fat is easy

Slow metabolic rate

Fast & efficient metabolism

Efficient metabolism

Attacks of tiredness/ fatigue

Hyperactive

Gaining muscle easy

Lose weight slowly

CURETON

-

according to him there can never be a rigid classification of body types.

-an individual be may be somewhere in a scale between athletic and

pyknic

.

The limits body types that may be used as an indication of athletic ability

Athletic –

pyknic

type

Asthenic

- athletic type

Somatotyping

or body classification

-may not be reliable in selection of athletes, yet we can use them as basis in spotting of potential athletes or for classifying for physical education activities.

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