PPT-Transposable Elements Microbial Genetics

MIC 302 Dr Manishi Tripathi Transposons Transposable elements or transposons are common in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes where they influence the variation of phenotypic expression over the short term and evolutionary development over the long term. 1. 19. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Permission required for reproduction or display.. Introduction to . Microbial . Taxonomy. Taxonomy. science of biological classification. Wicker et al. Sarah Mangum. Class I . mobilization (‘copy and paste’) . Pol III transcription. Reverse transcription and insertion. 1. Usually a single or a few ‘master’ copy(. ies. ). 2. Transcription to an RNA . A. Metabolism. 1. Anabolism. A) synthesis reactions (building up). 2. Catabolism. A) lysis reactions (breaking down). B. Enzymes. 1. proteins that facilitate chemical reactions. Microbial Metabolism. Eric J. Raes, P.E. ., LSRP. Engineering and Land Planning . Dora Ogles, Brett Baldwin, Kate Clark & . Anita Biernacki. Microbial Insights Inc.. Kerry Sublette, Ph.D., Kate Key. University of Tulsa. A. Metabolism. 1. Anabolism. A) synthesis reactions (building up). 2. Catabolism. A) lysis reactions (breaking down). B. Enzymes. 1. proteins that facilitate chemical reactions. Microbial Metabolism. A. Structure of DNA. 1. discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. 2. stores genetic information for the production of proteins. 3. composed of nucleotides. A) a nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate. Microbiology. Microbial Growth. Microbial requirements for growth:. 1. . Physical. A. . Temperature. Optimal growth temperature. Permissible range. human pathogens optimal = . 37°C. Microbial Growth. Key considerations:. Genes . Chromosomes. C value paradox. Gene regulation. Epigenetics. Transposable elements. DNA . ……..……..mRNA……….…….Protein . Plant . Estimated # genes. Arabidposis. Key considerations:. Genes . Chromosomes. C value paradox. Gene regulation. Epigenetics. Transposable elements. DNA . ……..……..mRNA……….…….Protein . Plant . Estimated # genes. Arabidposis. Transposable Elements (TEs). “Jumping genes”. Sequences of DNA that “jump” from one genome location to another. Discovered in 1940s by maize geneticist Barbara McClintock. Initially dismissed as “junk DNA”. . Upadhyay. Graduate student in Biology, Memorial University. PhD.  in botany from Cornell University in . 1927. Leader . in the . development of.  maize . cytogenetics. She developed the technique for visualizing maize chromosomes and used microscopic analysis to demonstrate many fundamental genetic ideas. . Transposable elements . Mobile genetic elements . are segments of DNA able to move . from site to site in the genome. , . or. . between. . genomes in the same cell. . . Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. P3, Classes –VIII. M.Sc. -IV Semester . . Dr. Hifzur R Siddique. Section of Genetics. Department of Zoology. ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY. 1. Mechanism . Of . Deletion . And . Insertion. A type of mutation where there is the gain or loss of one or a few bases. These mutations are called . 1. . Discovered . by James Watson and Francis Crick . in 1953. 2. . Stores . genetic information for the production of proteins. 3. . Composed . of nucleotides. A) . A . nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, .