Byzantine Empire: 395-1453 - PowerPoint Presentation

Byzantine Empire: 395-1453 Why do we care?Buffer state, Western culture, Art/Architecture, Orthodox Christianity

Byzantine Empire: 395-1453 Byzantium—ConstantineHow did the Byzantines survive?Absolute MonarchyBureaucracyIntrigue/marriage/allianceWho was Justinian? Accomplishments? Discuss the architectural achievements of the Byzantines, including the Hagia Sophia.Discuss the many problems and challenges facing the Byzantines.How did the Byzantines help to preserve Greco-Roman culture?

Byzantine Empire Justinian I r. 527-565TheodoraJustinian’s CodeHagia SophiaHippodromeDecline Plague, Invasion, Debt1453 Justinian Theodora

Justinian’s Code Law: “That which seems good to the emperor has also the force of law…whatever the emperor ordains …decides in adjudging a cause, or lays down by edict, is unquestionably law”Slavery: “…none of our subjects may use unrestrained violence towards their slaves, except for a reason recognized by law…The excessive severity of masters is also restrained …if the severity of masters should appear excessive, they might be compelled to make sale of their slaves upon”Marriage: “…Roman citizens are bound together in lawful matrimony when they are united according to law… they must first obtain the consent of their parents, in whose power they are.”Freedom : “Freedom, from which men are said to be free, is the natural power of doing what we each please, unless prevented by force or by law.”

Hagia Sophia Justinian presents model of the church, to the Virgin and Child. Constantine presents a model of Constantinople

Hippodrome

Byzantine Empire Describe the beliefs and practices of the Orthodox Church. How do they compare to the Roman Catholic Church?What led to the split between the Catholic and Orthodox churches? Make sure to note the terms excommunication and icons.Orthodox Christianity Caesaropapism (Justinian) PatriarchPatriarchal CitiesIcon/Iconoclast Controversy (8th Cent.)Great (East-West) Schism (1054)Cyrillic Alphabet Slavs

Frescoes in Nerezi near Skopje (1164) Virgin and Child Between Emperor John II Comnenus and Empress Irene (11 th Cent.) Virgin Pafsolype and Feast Scenes and the Crucifixion and Prophets (14 th Century)

SPICE Themes S = Development and transformation of social structuresGender roles and relations Family and kinshipRacial and ethnic constructionsSocial and economic classesP = political (State-building, expansion, and conflict)Political structures and forms of governance Empires Nations and nationalism Revolts and revolutions Regional , trans-regional, and global structures and organizations I = Interaction between humans and the environmentDemography and diseaseMigrationPatterns of settlementTechnologyC = Development and interaction of culturesReligionsBelief systems, philosophies, and ideologiesScience and technologyThe arts and architectureE = Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systemsAgricultural and pastoral productionTrade and commerceLabor systemsIndustrializationCapitalism and socialism

Kievan Rus Describe the origin of Russian society in Kiev. Be sure to the Slavic peoples, geography, and the role of the Vikings in your description. Who was Vladimir? What was the cause and result of his conversion to Orthodox Christianity?Discuss Yaroslav’s achievements. What mistakes were made that led to Kiev’s decline?Describe the conquest of Kiev by the Mongols.

Roman Collapse DBQ Directions: Complete the following tasks using the documents provided. Read over each document. In the margin of your packet take notes indicating how each document can help us answer the question, “What were the primary reasons for the fall of Rome?”After reading the documents indicate categories you would “group” each document into based on a particular cause of decline. For instance, which documents would fall under the category of “invasion?”Indicate which documents seem most useful and which you find less reliable. Include a brief notation as to why.

Roman Empire: Decline CausesOverextensionEconomic Issues (Taxation, Inflation)Political SuccessionInvasion (assimilation) PlaguesAgriculture

Middle Ages: 500-1500 Results of CollapsePolitical FragmentationDisruption of TradeFall of CitiesCultural DeclineEducationRomance Languages But not in the Eastern Mediterranean!!!!!

Early Middle Ages:500-1000 What’s in a name:Middle Ages?“Medieval”“Dark Ages” (c. 500-1000)vs. “High” ie. Middle (c. 1000-1200) vs. Late (c. 1200-1500)Key Developments:Restored political order—but decentralized as opposed to RomeEconomic recovery—really took shape by the late 10th century (deforestation, technology, crop rotation, etc.)Roman Catholicism—unified culturally and often politically the western Europe

Early Middle Ages: 500-1500 Germanic “Successor” StatesVisigoths (Spain), Ostrogoths (Italy) Lombards (Italy), Burgundians (Eastern France), Franks (France), Angles (Britain), Saxons (Britain), Jutes (Britain)How did Roman culture influence the Germanic peoples? What differences between Roman and Germanic society remained?

Early Middle Ages: the Franks Clovis (r. 481-511) Merovingian Dynasty Charles MartelBattle of Tours (732)Pepin the Short (r. 751-768)Donation of Pepin (756) Carolingian Dynasty

Early Middle Ages: the Franks Charlemagne (r. 771-814)“Holy Roman Emperor” 800 CEBureaucracy/CentralizationCountsMissi Dominici“Carolingian Renaissance” AachenCharlemagne

Early Middle Ages: the Franks Sibling DisputeTreaty of Verdun (843)FragmentationInvasionVikings Norsemen Magyars, IslamicContrast the reactions of the English, French, and Germans to the invasions.Who were King Alfred and Otto I?Normandy

Early Middle Ages: Feudal Society What is feudalism? Why is it so common in history (an even today)?Who were lord’s and where did they come from? Why would someone choose to be a vassal/retainer ? Fief, “Oath of Fealty”, Homage ceremonyKnights (Squire, Tournaments, Code of Chivalry)What were the obligations of the serfs? Where did they come from? Free peasants, chattel slavery, serfsWhat is a manor? Why was this economic arrangement necessary?Manorial systemHow much power does the king have in this social and political organization?

King Powerful Lord Powerful Lord Powerful Lord Lesser Lord Lesser Lord Lesser Lord Lesser Lord Lesser Lord Lesser Lord Knights Knights Knights Knights Knights Knights Knights Knights Knights Knights Knights Knights Peasants Peasants Peasants Protection Protection Service Fiefs Fiefs Loyalty Service Loyalty Royal Vassels

SPICE Themes S = Development and transformation of social structuresGender roles and relations Family and kinshipRacial and ethnic constructionsSocial and economic classesP = political (State-building, expansion, and conflict)Political structures and forms of governance Empires Nations and nationalism Revolts and revolutions Regional , trans-regional, and global structures and organizations I = Interaction between humans and the environmentDemography and diseaseMigrationPatterns of settlementTechnologyC = Development and interaction of culturesReligionsBelief systems, philosophies, and ideologiesScience and technologyThe arts and architectureE = Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systemsAgricultural and pastoral productionTrade and commerceLabor systemsIndustrializationCapitalism and socialism

Early Middle Ages: Religion Discuss the relationship that developed between the Franks and the Church.Arianism (nontrinitarian) vs. Roman Catholicism (Council of Nicaea)What elements of pre-Christian religious traditions continued until about 1000?PaganismDefine papal/papacy. What role did Pope Gregory I (590-604) play in the development of the papacy and the Catholic Church?Petrine SupremacySacramentsBaptism, Holy Communion, Reconciliation (Penance), Anointing of the Sick (Extreme Unction), Matrimony, Holy Orders, ConfirmationHow did religion impact the “medieval mindset?”Medieval vs. Modern worldview

Matthew 16 15 “But what about you?” he asked. “Who do you say I am?” 16 Simon Peter answered, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.” 17 Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood, but by my Father in heaven. 18 And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it. 19 I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.” 20 Then he ordered his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Messiah.

Early Middle Ages: Religion Describe the origin and development of early monasticism.Silk Roads, AsceticismWhat requirements did St. Benedict establish for monastic life?How did monasteries serve as a “dominant” feature in social and cultural life?Gender Opportunities

Burial Cloth of Jesus “Shroud of Turin” —Italy St. Peter’s Chains —Rome, Italy St. Francis Xavier’s Humerus —Macao, China Relic of St. Demetrius (martyr)— Thessaloniki, Greece St. Irene (martyr) —St. Louis, Missouri

Early Middle Ages: Economic Growth How did the 9th & 10th century invasions affect the economy of Europe?Discuss the technological innovations in agriculture that led to increased productivity.Although long distance trade seriously declined in Western Europe during the Early Middle Ages, what exceptions existed and with what results? Describe demographic trends in Western Europe between 200 and 1000.High Middle Ages (1000-1200)—cities, trade, Crusades, universities  and then … plague