PPT-Genes and Chromosomes

The Chromosome Theory of Heredity Mutations Regulation of Gene Expression Objectives State the chromosome theory of heredity Explain how gene linkage affects inherited traits Describe the process of crossingover and explain how it increases genetic variety. An Introduction . to basic genetic concepts and links to health for individuals who have had minimal experience of genetics. DNA, genes & chromosomes. The objectives of this presentation are to:. EQ:. What is the importance of meiosis in providing genetic variation?. . SPECIALIZED CELLS. You have many specialized cells in your body that can be divided into two groups. . 1. . . SOMATIC. = body cells; make up most of your . Section 6.1. 1. Objectives. SWBAT differentiate between body cells and gametes.. SWBAT compare and contrast autosomes and sex chromosomes.. 2. Vocabulary. Somatic cell. Gamete . Homologous chromosome. Another way to have a [healthy] baby!. What are genes?. Genes are made up of DNA. Genes carry in the information for cells to make a specific part of what makes you, you!. There are genes for making your skin, your hair, your heart, etc…. . Part 3. Location of genes. Meiosis. Linkage and mapping. A map of the human Y chromosome. 2. Location of genes. One of the things Mendel didn’t solve was exactly where genes are located in cells. His precise description of how genes behaved, though, helped other scientists determine that . Have you taken the latest quiz?. When is your next paper due?. If you are not sure, you need to. Discover Biology. FIFTH EDITION. CHAPTER. . 13. Chromosomes and Human. Genetics. © . 2012 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.. Humans have approximately . 20,000 – 30,000. genes that code for traits. . However, only have . 46 chromosomes. . Thus each chromosome must have . many genes. on them. . Often seen in . Sex-Linked Traits. Chapter 5. 1. Outline. Sex chromosomes. Sex determination. 2. 3. Role of Y Chromosome. Klinefelter. and Turner Syndromes. XXY XO . 47, XXX Syndrome. Also called triploid-X or .  . Studying genetics . can be accomplished in part by . investigating the history of discoveries. that have lead to our . understanding of DNA and its role in gene expression and biological inheritance. Human Inheritance. Disorders caused by individual genes - dominant. Individuals with the disorder only need 1 allele to have the disorder. Huntington’s Disease. Caused by a repeat of the sequence CAG . 3.2.1. . Bacterial Chromosomes (prokaryotes). Most only have 1 chromosome.. Which means, it only contains a single copy of each gene (except during cell division when chromosomes are replicated).. Has circular DNA that contains all genes needed for basic life processes of the cell.. 22 pairs of autosomes. 1 pair of sex chromosomes. XX = Female, XY = Male. Karyotype - chromosomes are arranged according to shape and size. AN EXTRA COPY OF CHROMOSOME 21 CAUSES DOWN SYNDROME. This condition is called . Introduction . The human genome consists of at least 20,000 genes on 23 pairs of chromosomes. Of these pairs, 22 are autosomes, and the other pair consists of sex chromosomes (X, Y). Linked genes are located on the same chromosome; sex-linked genes are located on a sex chromosome. The frequency of crossing-over between genes is used to construct linkage maps, which show the locations of genes on chromosomes.. They are also called as mega chromosomes. . These chromosomes are very long and thick in appearance during metaphase than normal chromosomes.. Hence they are called as Giant chromosomes.. The Giant chromosomes are of two types-.