BY SUYAMINDRA SIMHA V VIII SEM Introduction Some Fast Facts Objectives Challenges Architecture of IPN Working of Terrestrial Internet Working of IPN Terrestrial vs Celestial Communication ID: 724812
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Slide1
INTERPLANETARY INTERNET
BY
SUYAMINDRA SIMHA. V
VIII SEM Slide2
IntroductionSome Fast Facts
Objectives
ChallengesArchitecture of IPNWorking of Terrestrial InternetWorking of IPNTerrestrial v/s Celestial CommunicationBundling ProtocolApplicationsConclusion
CONTENTSSlide3
IPN is a conceived computer network in space, consisting of a set of network nodes which can communicate with each other. IPN is a technical name for ”anywhere and everywhere internet”.
It is next to IPv6,IPTV,voice over IP, mobile IP and IP next generation(IPng).
It aims to provide Internet-like services over the entire solar system.IntroductionSlide4
Time taken by light Earth – Jupiter : 32.7 min Earth – Saturn : 76.7 min
Earth – Pluto : 5.5 hours
Earth – Voyager1 : 13 hours Earth – Voyager2 : 10.4 hours.Some Fast Facts Slide5
Time-Insensitive Scientific data delivery
Time-Sensitive
scientific data deliveryMission Status TelemetryCommand and Control
ObjectivesSlide6
Extremely long propagation delayAsymmetrical
forward and reverse Link
capacitiesHigh link error rates for radio-frequency (RF) communication channelsIntermittent link connectivity
Lack
of fixed communication
infrastructure
Challenges
Slide7
Effects of planetary distances on the signal strength and the protocol design
Power, mass, size, and cost constraints for
communication hardware and protocol designBackward compatibility requirement due to high cost involved in deployment and launching processes.Challenges(contd..)Slide8
ARCHITECTURE OF IPNSlide9
Architecture of IPNSlide10
InterPlanetary Backbone Network Communication among Earth, outer-space planets, moons, satellites, relay stations, etc.
InterPlanetary
External Network Space crafts flying in groups in deep space between planets, clusters of sensor nodes, and groups of space stations.
Architecture
Slide11
Planetary NetworkPlanetary Satellite Network
Satellites circling the planets provides relay services, communication & navigation services to surface elements. Includes links between orbiting satellites & links between satellite and surface elements. Planetary Surface Network Links between high power surface elements (rovers, landers, etc). Surface elements that cannot directly talk to satellites, organized in an ad hoc manner.
Architecture(contd..) Slide12
WORKING OF TERRESTRIAL INTERNETSlide13
The largest network of networks in the world.Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching .
Runs on any communications substrate.
What is Internet?
From Dr. Vinton Cerf,
Co-Creator of TCP/IPSlide14
Working of Internet
Network
IP
Network
IP
Phys 1
Link 1
Link 1
Phys 1
Phys 2
Link 2
Phys 2
Link 2
Phys 3
Link 3
App
App
App
App
App
App
Network
IP
Transport
TCP
Network
IP
Transport
TCP
Phys 3
Link 3
Subnet 1
Subnet 2
Subnet 3Slide15
WORKING OF IPNSlide16
IPN is considered to consist of a “network of Internets ” with a specialized deep space backbone network of long-haul wireless links interconnecting these local Internets.In IPN, packets need to be transferred from end to end through disconnected multiple regions that tolerate variable delay.
A protocol of IPN will take care of these requirements by the concept of “bundling protocol suite.”
Working of IPNSlide17
The delay tolerant IPN network will provide an always-on connection between planets, spacecrafts and the terrestrial Internet.The store-and-forward technique of IPN will help to minimize problems that crop up due to the vast distances involved, such as high error rates and latency periods that are minutes or even hours long.
Working of IPN(contd..)Slide18
Network of internets spanning dissimilar environments
Bundle
App
App
App
App
App
App
Bundle
Bundle
Phys 1
Transport a
Network a
Link 1
Link 1
Phys 1
Phys 2
Link 2
Network a
Phys 3
Link 3
Network b
Transport b
Phys 2
Link 2
Network a
Transport a
Phys 3
Link 3
Network b
Transport b
Internet a
Internet b
Working of IPNSlide19
Communication parametersWired terrestrial
Mobile ad hoc NET/MANET/
WirelessIPN/Celestial/WirelessPower availabilityNot criticalImportant Very crucialSNRWithin acceptable range
Low
Very low
Error rate
Within acceptable range
Medium
High
Infrastructure
Defined/fixed
Deployable
Deployable
Terrestrial v/s Celestial CommunicationSlide20
Communication parameters
Wired terrestrial
Mobile ad hoc NET/MANET/WirelessIPN/Celestial/WirelessMedium Copper/fiberRF/IRPrimarily
free space,
RF
Delay in seconds
<1
10 to 10000 seconds
Deployment cost
Low
Medium
Very high
Operational cost
Low
Medium
Very high
Terrestrial v/s Celestial Communication(contd..)Slide21
The IPN architecture will be based on an overlay protocol called “bundling” that handles the complex environment of celestial communication. It puts together a set of heterogeneous internets.Bundles are arbitrarily long messages designed for end-to-end delivery between IPN nodes over distinct or identical transport layers.
Bundling ProtocolSlide22
Bundles may be fragmented and reassembled at the destination. These will be routed by a routing function through a concatenated series of Internets, like terrestrial internet protocol. To achieve guaranteed end-to-end delivery, bundles may be retransmitted as in ARQ protocol in TCP model of terrestrial Internet.Bundling Protocol(contd..)Slide23
It operates in the message switching mode.It operates in the custodial mode. Tackle high error rate of the celestial link, hop-by-hop store-and-forward bundling with per-hop error control mechanism is used.
Identification of the sender and the receiver in the IPN using an addressing scheme having names in two parts.
Functions of Bundling ProtocolSlide24
“Non-chatty” message-oriented communications Essential in long delay environments. Store-and-forward between nodes
Essential when no contemporaneous end-to-end path exists. Highly desirable to free resources at less-advantaged “leaf nodes”. Routing algorithms cognizant of scheduled connectivity Essential to accommodate scheduled connectivity.
Highly desirable
to be able to adaptively exploit alternate routes.
BenefitsSlide25
Use transport and network technologies appropriate to the environment Essential to support combination of IP and non-IP networks. Essential
to be able to support incremental deployment of new technologies.
Benefits(contd..)Slide26
Time-Insensitive Scientific Data Delivery: -Large volume of scientific data to be collected from planets and moons.
Time-Sensitive Scientific Data Delivery: -Audio and visual information about the local environment to Earth, in-situ controlling robots, or eventually in-situ astronauts.Mission Status Telemetry: - Delivery of the status and the health report of the mission, spacecraft, or the landed vehicles to the mission center or other nodes. Command and Control: -Closed-loop
command and control of the in-situ mission elements.
ApplicationsSlide27
With the increasing pace of space exploration, Earth will distribute large numbers of robotic vehicles, landers, and possibly even humans, to asteroids and other planets in the coming decades. Possible future missions include lander/rover/orbiter sets, sample return missions, aircraft communicating with orbiters, and outposts of humans or computers remotely operating rovers.
Conclusion