Highland Presbyterian Church Theological narrative and deuteronomic history IN OTHER WORDS never let the truth get in the way of a good story Highland Presbyterian Church Old testament survey ID: 711868
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Slide1
Summer of 2015
Old testament survey
Highland Presbyterian ChurchSlide2
Theological narrative and
deuteronomic
history(IN OTHER WORDS, never let the truth get in the way of a good story)
Highland Presbyterian ChurchSlide3
Old testament survey
Objectives for a OT Survey Class:
Review general content and explore the literary patterns and the historical and cultural contexts
.Slide4
Old testament survey
Objectives for a OT Survey Class:
Review general content and explore the literary patterns and the historical and cultural contexts.
Give curious parents and grandparents of youth a sense of what we cover in youth Sunday school. Slide5
Old testament survey
Objectives for a OT Survey Class:
Review general content and explore the literary patterns and the historical and cultural contexts.
Give curious parents and grandparents of youth a sense of what we cover in youth Sunday school.
Offer some perspective of contemporary archaeology where finds support or contradict assumptions of the Biblical record.Slide6
7/12 Session 1 Mythic Storytelling from a Hebrew Point of View:
“
The Purpose of Humanity”
7/19 Session 2 Patriarch Legends and Literary Motifs: “Abraham, Isaac, & Jacob”7/26 Session 3 Moses, The First Savior: “Covenants, Contracts, and Community
”
8/2 Session 4
deuteronomic
History: part 1
“
Joshua, Judges, and Conquest
”
8/9
Session 5
deuteronomic
History: part 2
“
We Three Kings
”
8/16 Session 6 Prophets of the Divided Kingdom:
“
Conscience of the King”
“Theological Narrative and
deuteronomic
History
”
(In other words, never let the truth get in the way of a good story.)Slide7
7/12 Session 1 Mythic Storytelling from a Hebrew Point of View:
“
The Purpose of Humanity”
7/19 Session 2 Patriarch Legends and Literary Motifs: “Abraham, Isaac, & Jacob”7/26 Session 3 Moses, The First Savior:
“
Covenants, Contracts, and Community
”
8/2 Session 4
deuteronomic
History: part 1
“
Joshua, Judges, and Conquest
”
8/9
Session 5
deuteronomic
History: part 2
“
We Three Kings
”
8/16 Session 6 Prophets of the Divided Kingdom:
“
Conscience of the King
”
“Theological Narrative and
deuteronomic
History
”
(In other words, never let the truth get in the way of a good story.)Slide8
Session 3: Moses, The First Savior
“
Covenants, Contracts, & Community
”Slide9
Outline of todays class:
Review of the Text
Historicity of Moses and the Exodus
Importance of Moses as both Symbol and “Savior”Moses and his
Covenant CommunitySlide10
General Outline of Exodus
Exodus 1 The Israelites are oppressed in Egypt, midwives to kill boys
Exodus 2 Moses is born, grows up in the palace, and flees to
Midian
Exodus 3-4 Moses meets YHWH at the burning bush
Exodus 5-6
Signs, Moses returns to Egypt; Pharaoh deals harshly with Israelites
Exodus 7-10 The plagues
Exodus 11-13 The final plague, the first
P
assover
Exodus 14 Crossing the Sea
Exodus 15
The Song of Moses & Miriam
Exodus 16
Bread from heavenSlide11
General Outline of Exodus
Exodus 17 Water from the Rock
Exodus 18 Jethro advises about leadership
Exodus 19 At Mount Sinai
Exodus 20 The Ten Commandments
Exodus 21-24 More laws on slaves, violence, property, restitution, festivals,
Exodus 25-31 The Ark of the Covenant & the Tabernacle
Exodus 32 Moses returns down the mountain, the Golden Calf
Exodus 33 Moses intercedes for the people
Exodus 34 Covenant Renewal
Exodus 35-40 Making the Tabernacle and the ArkSlide12
Is Moses and the story of the Exodus historically verifiable?Slide13Slide14
General Historical Timeline of Hebrew Bible (BCE)
1800-1400?
Abraham and other Patriarchs migrate to Canaan (or develop from within)1400-1200? Possible Exodus from Egypt (if historical)
1200-1050?
Conquest of Canaan / Period of Judges (if historical)
1050-930?
First Kings of a United Kingdom (Saul, David, Solomon)
c. 922
Kingdom divides into Northern Kingdom (Israel/Ephraim); and Southern Kingdom (Judah)
722
Assyria defeats Northern Kingdom and captures capital Samaria
586
Babylon defeats Southern Kingdom and destroys capital Jerusalem
538
Hebrew exiles are returned from Babylonian captivity, when Cyrus of Persian defeats Babylonia, and begin to restore the Temple
334
Alexander the Great captures Palestine and Persia and Hellenizes the known worldSlide15
General Historical Timeline of Hebrew Bible (BCE)
1800-1400?
Abraham and other Patriarchs migrate to Canaan (or develop from within)1400-1200? Possible Exodus from Egypt (if historical)
1200-1050?
Conquest of Canaan / Period of Judges (if historical)
1050-930?
First Kings of a United Kingdom (Saul, David, Solomon)
c. 922
Kingdom divides into Northern Kingdom (Israel/Ephraim); and Southern Kingdom (Judah)
722
Assyria defeats Northern Kingdom and captures capital Samaria
586
Babylon defeats Southern Kingdom and destroys capital Jerusalem
538
Hebrew exiles are returned from Babylonian captivity, when Cyrus of Persian defeats Babylonia, and begin to restore the Temple
334
Alexander the Great captures Palestine and Persia and Hellenizes the known worldSlide16
Old testament survey
General Historical Timeline of Hebrew Bible (BCE)
1800-1400?
Abraham and other Patriarchs migrate to Canaan (or develop from within)
1400-1200?
Possible Exodus from Egypt (if historical)
1200-1050?
Conquest of Canaan / Period of Judges (if historical)
1050-930?
First Kings of a United Kingdom (Saul, David, Solomon)
c. 922
Kingdom divides into Northern Kingdom (Israel/Ephraim); and Southern Kingdom (Judah)
722
Assyria defeats Northern Kingdom and captures capital Samaria
586
Babylon defeats Southern Kingdom and destroys capital Jerusalem
538
Hebrew exiles are returned from Babylonian captivity, when Cyrus of Persian defeats Babylonia, and begin to restore the Temple
334
Alexander the Great captures Palestine and Persia and Hellenizes the known world
BRONZE AGE
IRON AGESlide17
Session 3: Moses, The First Savior Slide18
Egyptian History
Old Kingdom
First Dynasty (3150-2890 BCE), Second Dynasty (2890-2686 BCE), Third Dynasty
(2686-2613 BCE),
Fourth Dynasty
(2613-2589 BCE),
Fifth Dynasty
(2498-2345 BCE),
Sixth Dynasty
(2345-2181 BCE)
Narmer
,
Sneferu
, Khufu
First Intermediate Period
(2181-2134 BCE) [Seventh – Tenth Dynasties]
Middle Kingdom
Eleventh Dynasty
(2134-1991 BCE),
Twelfth Dynasty
(1991-1802 BCE)
Second Intermediate Period
(1802-1550 BCE) - [Thirteenth – Seventeenth Dynasties]
Hyksos ruled
Egypt
New Kingdom
Eighteenth Dynasty
(1549-1292 BCE),
Nineteenth Dynasty
(1292-1203 BCE
),
Twentieth Dynasty
(1190-1077 BCE
)
Ahmose, Thutmose I, Hatshepsut, Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten), Tutankhamen,
Seti
I, Rameses II,
Merneptah
Twenty-
Second
Dynasty (943-720 BCE), Twenty-Third Dynasty (837-762 BCE), Twenty-Four Dynasty (732-720 BCE), Twenty-Fifth Dynasty (752-653 BCE), Twenty-Sixth Dynasty (672-525 BCE)Sheshonk I (Shishak),
Necho II
Slide19
Egyptian History (BCE)
Hyksos
ruled during second intermediate period New Kindom
begins with 18th dynastyAhmose (1549-1524)Amenhotep I (1524-1503)Thutmose I (1503-1493)Thutmose II (1493-1479)Hatshepsut (1479-1458)
Thutmose III (1479-1424)
Amenhotep II (1424-1398)
Thutmose IV (1398-1388)
Amenhotep III (1388-1350)
Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) (1351-1334)
Tutankhamen (1332-1323)
Ay (1323-1319)
Horemheb
(1319-1292
)
19
th
dynasty
Rameses
I (1292-1290)
Seti
I (1290-1279)
Rameses
II (1279-1213)
Merneptah
(1213-1203)Slide20
Egyptian History (BCE)
Hyksos
ruled during second intermediate period New Kindom
begins with 18th dynastyAhmose (1549-1524)Amenhotep I (1524-1503)Thutmose I (1503-1493)Thutmose II (1493-1479)Hatshepsut (1479-1458)
Thutmose III (1479-1424)
Amenhotep II (1424-1398)
Thutmose IV (1398-1388)
Amenhotep III (1388-1350)
Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) (1351-1334)
Tutankhamen (1332-1323)
Ay (1323-1319)
Horemheb
(1319-1292
)
19
th
dynasty
Rameses
I (1292-1290)
Seti
I (1290-1279)
Rameses
II (1279-1213)
Merneptah
(1213-1203)Slide21
Egyptian History (BCE)
Rameses II
Reigned for 67 years
Great wife: Nefertari
First born son:
Amunherkhepshef
Great warrior first half of life (ex. Battle of Kadesh)
Lost both his wife and first born son (co-Regent) around his 21
st
year of rule (mid-life crisis)
Tomb builder second half of life
Rameses moved the capital from Memphis to the
Delta (close to the storehouse cities mentioned in Bible)
Outlives many of his wives and children: His 13
th
son,
Merenptah
becomes his successor (creator of Stella with first written reference to Israelites in history)
19
th
dynasty
Rameses
I (1292-1290)
Seti
I (1290-1279)
Rameses
II (1279-1213)
Merenptah
(1213-1203)Slide22
Egyptian History (BCE)
Examples of Other Historical Consistencies with Text:
Birthing Stones
Brick made with strawExamples of Historical Inconsistencies with Text:Number of Israelites in exodus as compared with total
p
opulation
e
stimates.
Lack of archaeological evidence of Israelite traveling through desert into Canaan
No Egyptian records of mass exodus or unusual activity at the Canaanite border basesSlide23Slide24
What is the importance of Moses in our tradition?
(Symbol, Savior…?)Slide25Slide26
Moses…..?
(
מֹשֶׁה
) “moshe”Exodus 2: 3-10
3
When she could hide him no longer she got a papyrus
basket
(
תֵּבָה
”
teba
”)
for
him, and plastered it with bitumen and pitch; she put the child in it and placed it
among the
reeds
(
סוּף
“
suf
”)
on
the bank of the river.
4
His sister stood at a distance, to see what would happen to
him.
5
The daughter of Pharaoh came down to bathe at the river, while her attendants walked beside the river. She saw the basket among the reeds and sent her maid to bring
it…………
…………..
10
When the child grew up, she brought him to Pharaoh’s daughter, and she took him as her son. She named him
Moses
(
מֹשֶׁה
“
moshe
”)
,
“because
,”
she said, “I
drew
him out (מָשָׁה “mashah
”) of the water.”
מֹשֶׁה
“
moshe
” Moses
מָשָׁה
“
mashah
”
to draw out “
mss
” Rameses,
Thutmose
Slide27
Moses…..?
(
מֹשֶׁה
) “moshe”Exodus
2:
15b-21
But
Moses fled from Pharaoh. He settled in the land of Midian, and sat down by a well.
16
The priest of Midian had seven daughters. They came to draw water, and filled the troughs to water their father’s flock.
17
But some shepherds came and drove them away. Moses got up and
came to their defense
and watered their flock.
18
When they returned to their father
Reuel
, he said, “How is it that you have come back so soon today?”
19
They said, “An Egyptian
delivered
us
out of the hands of
the shepherds; he even drew water for us and watered the flock.”
20
He said to his daughters, “Where is he? Why did you leave the man? Invite him to break bread.”
21
Moses agreed to stay with the man, and he gave Moses his daughter Zipporah in marriage.
יָשַׁע
“
yasha
” salvation
or deliverance
(
make wide or deliver into a wide open space
)Slide28
If you were the writer of the Gospel of Matthew and you wanted to help your audience understand Jesus as a SAVIOR who came to fulfill Judaism………………..?
Exodus
1:15-16
Matthew 2:16 Both have a King trying to kill babiesExodus 2:5-10 Matthew 2:13-15 Both are rescued with the involvement of family membersExodus 4:19 Matthew 2:20 Both return home when the enemy is deadExodus 14: 21-22 Matthew 3:13, 16 Both pass thru the water
Exodus
4:22 Matthew 3:17 In both stories there is an identification of the
child
of God
Deut
29:5
Matthew
4:1-2 Both experience the wilderness
Exodus
16:2-4 Matthew 4:3-4 Both are confronted with hunger and the
temptation
to grumble against God
Exodus
32:1-4 Matthew 4: 8-10 Both are tempted to worship a false God
Exodus
19:20 Matthew 5:1-3 Both go up Mountain in order to provide Law (or
re-interpret
the Law)Slide29
Sermon on the Mount
Blessed
are the poor in spirit, for
theirs is the kingdom of heaven.Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted.Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth……
21
"You have heard that it was said to the people long ago, 'Do not murder and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.'
22
But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother
will be subject to judgment.
27
"You have heard that it was said, 'Do not commit adultery
.'
28
But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart.
38
"You have heard that it was said, 'Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth
.'
39
But I tell you, Do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also.
Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets; I have come not to abolish but to fulfill. Slide30
Perhaps Matthew is suggesting that Jesus observed the Jewish leadership of his day not leading the people to be the “Covenant People” that he thought God had called them to be?Slide31
Perhaps Matthew is suggesting that Jesus observed the Jewish leadership of his day not leading the people to be the “Covenant People” that he thought God had called them to be?Slide32
Covenant?
Noah
Abraham
Jacob
David
Moses?
Slide33
What is a Covenant?
בּרית
(
B
er
-it’)
Slide34
Old testament survey
What is a Covenant?
בּרית
(
B
er
-it’)
Covenants
/
Contracts
From the ancient world:
Marriage
contracts
Land
grants
Suzerain-Vassal
Treaty
Slide35
What is a Covenant?
בּרית
(Ber-it’) Covenants / ContractsFrom the ancient world:
Marriage contracts
Land grants
Suzerain-Vassal
Treaty
Slide36
What is a Covenant?
Covenant / Contract from the ancient
world:Suzerain-Vassal Treaty 1. Pre-amble: Introduction of the superior party of the contract.2. Historical Prologue: Assures the second party of the qualifications of the superior party to fulfill the contractual terms…to provide protection. Assurance is provided by outlining the historical deeds of the superior party.
3. Stipulations/Injunctions: Typically starts with a pledge of loyalty, followed by a list of duties and obligations.
4. Safekeeping of Contract / Renewing contract with witnessesSlide37
How does Moses relate to the concept of Covenant?Slide38
What is a Covenant?
Covenant / Contract from the ancient
world:Suzerain-Vassal Treaty Exodus 20Slide39
20 Then God spoke all these words:
2
I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery;
3 you shall have no other gods before me.4 You shall not make for yourself an idol, whether in the form of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. 5 You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, punishing children for the iniquity of parents, to the third and the fourth generation of those who reject me,
6
but showing steadfast love to the thousandth generation of those who love me and keep my commandments
.
7
You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the
Lord
your God, for the
Lord
will not acquit anyone who misuses his name.
Slide40
20 Then God spoke all these words:
2
I am the Lord your God
, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery; 3 you shall have no other gods before me.4 You shall not make for yourself an idol, whether in the form of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. 5 You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I the
Lord
your God am a jealous God, punishing children for the iniquity of parents, to the third and the fourth generation of those who reject me,
6
but showing steadfast love to the thousandth generation of those who love me and keep my commandments
.
7
You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the
Lord
your God, for the
Lord
will not acquit anyone who misuses his name.
Pre-ambleSlide41
20 Then God spoke all these words:
2
I am the Lord your God
, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery; 3 you shall have no other gods before me.4 You shall not make for yourself an idol, whether in the form of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.
5
You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I the
Lord
your God am a jealous God, punishing children for the iniquity of parents, to the third and the fourth generation of those who reject me,
6
but showing steadfast love to the thousandth generation of those who love me and keep my commandments
.
7
You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the
Lord
your God, for the
Lord
will not acquit anyone who misuses his name.
Pre-amble
Historical PrologueSlide42
20 Then God spoke all these words:
2
I am the Lord your God
, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery; 3 you shall have no other gods before me.4 You shall not make for yourself an idol, whether in the form of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.
5
You shall not
bow down to them or worship them; for I the
Lord
your God am a jealous God, punishing children for the iniquity of parents, to the third and the fourth generation of those who reject me,
6
but showing steadfast love to the thousandth generation of those who love me and keep my commandments
.
7
You shall not
make wrongful use of the name of the
Lord
your God, for the
Lord
will not acquit anyone who misuses his name.
Pre-amble
Historical Prologue
Stipulations/InjunctionsSlide43
8
Remember the
sabbath day, and keep it holy.
9 Six days you shall labor and do all your work. 10 But the seventh day is a sabbath to the Lord your God; you shall not do any work—you, your son or your daughter, your male or female slave, your livestock, or the alien resident in your towns. 11 For in six days the
Lord
made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, but rested the seventh day; therefore the
Lord
blessed the
sabbath
day and consecrated it.
12
Honor your father and your mother
, so that your days may be long in the land that the
Lord
your God is giving you.
13
You shall not murder
.
14
You shall not commit adultery
.
15
You shall not steal
.
16
You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
17
You shall not covet
your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or male or female slave, or ox, or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.
Stipulations/InjunctionsSlide44
4. Safekeeping of
Contract
/ Renewing contract with witnessesSlide45
4. Safekeeping of
Contract
/ Renewing contract with witnessesJoshua 24
Then Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem, and summoned the elders, the heads, the judges, and the officers of Israel; and they presented themselves before God. 2 And Joshua said to all the people, “Thus says the Lord, the God of Israel: Long ago your ancestors—Terah and his sons Abraham and
Nahor
—lived beyond the Euphrates and served other gods.
3
Then I took your father Abraham from beyond the River and led him through all the land of Canaan and made his offspring
many………..…
…………..…..
22
Then Joshua said to the people, “You are witnesses against yourselves that you have chosen the
Lord
, to serve him.” And they said, “We are
witnesses”…………
………….……..
25
So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and made statutes and ordinances for them at
Shechem
.
26
Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God; and he took a large stone, and set it up there under the oak in the sanctuary of the
Lord
.
27
Joshua said to all the people, “See, this stone shall be a witness against us; for it has heard all the words of the
Lord
that he spoke to us; therefore it shall be a witness against you, if you deal falsely with your God.”Slide46
The ancient Hebrew People understood themselves to be in a contract with god!
They understood that their God had responsibilities; and that they had responsibilities (individually and as a community.)
Exodus 2: 23-24
The Israelites groaned under their slavery, and cried out. Out of the slavery their cry for help rose up to God. 24 God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
Leviticus 19:18
18
You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against any of your people, but you shall love your neighbor as
yourself.Slide47
The ancient Hebrew People understood themselves to be in a contract with god!
They understood that their God had responsibilities; and that they had responsibilities (individually and as a community.)
Exodus
22: 21-22 21 You shall not wrong or oppress a resident alien, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt. 22You shall not abuse any widow or orphan.
Exodus 23: 1-9
You
shall not spread a false report. You shall not join hands with the wicked to act as a malicious witness.
2
You shall not follow a majority in wrongdoing; when you bear witness in a lawsuit, you shall not side with the majority so as to pervert justice;
3
nor shall you be partial to the poor in a
lawsuit.
4
When you come upon your enemy’s ox or donkey going astray, you shall bring it
back.
5
When you see the donkey of one who hates you lying under its burden and you would hold back from setting it free, you must help to set it
free.
6
You shall not pervert the justice due to your poor in their lawsuits.
7
Keep far from a false charge, and do not kill the innocent and those in the right, for I will not acquit the guilty.
8
You shall take no bribe, for a bribe blinds the officials, and subverts the cause of those who are in the
right. Slide48
What is the importance of the story of Moses and the Exodus?
What does it mean for us to see ourselves as a covenant community?Slide49
Old Testament Survey 2015
Theological narrative and
deuteronomic
history(IN OTHER WORDS, never let the truth get in the way of a good story)
Highland Presbyterian Church