What is this war about anyway Saddam Hussein Ayatollah Khomeini Iraq has oil Iraqs oil is good quality It exists in great quantity It is cheap to produce Costs about 100 a barrel yes 1 dollar ID: 486438
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Iraq and Iran" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Iraq and Iran
What is this war about anyway
?Slide2
Saddam Hussein
Ayatollah Khomeini Slide3
Iraq has oil…
Iraq’s oil is good quality
It exists in great quantity
It is cheap to produce
Costs about $1.00 a barrel (yes 1 dollar)Offers the worlds most extraordinary and profitable oilSlide4
Historically----
By 1911 Standard Oil controlled a world wide network of distribution and oil production. They had them in Indonesia, Romania, Russia, The US, Venezuela and Mexico.
Not only were they harvesting oil, they also had refineries ,
pipelines, rail cars, tankers, storage depots and other facilities all over the world.
“
ONE OF THE GREATEST HELPERS HAS BEEN THE STATE DEPARTMENT
”
John D. Rockefeller, founder of Standard OilSlide5
Why is oil Important?
-
provides nearly ALL the energy for transportation
-heats many buildings
-fuels farm and industrial equipment.-it is used in plastics, paints, fertilizers and pharmaceuticals-modern warfare and all weapons system rely on oil based fuel-40% of the US national energy budget is spent
on oil
So, why do governments care so much? Slide6
Company Interest=National Interest
So, the thought is that the companies global interests are of national interest and the governments help by:
-giving tax breaks
-providing military protection of pipelines
-support research and development-gain favorable routes and distribution channelsSlide7
Historical Timeline
1914-1918 Colonial
Conquest The British seized
Mosul, capital of
the oil region.1918-1930 War of Pacification Britain used all kinds of techniques
to hold the oil fields in their control
Britain
gave nominal independence to Iraq,
1941
Britain
re-
occupied
to keep them free from
Germany and
the USSlide8
Oil rents, Corruption and Conflict
US and UK cooperation between government and military powers
CIA engineered a coup in Iran to overthrow the democratic government and install the Shah in order to gain control over the Iranian and oil and redistribute British shares to US companies
1959 US intelligence recruited a young Iraqi
named Saddam Hussein
to take part in the assassination of Iraqi Prime minister
QasimSlide9
timeline
1960
US
government
created official favorable tax breaks1973 During the oil embargo Washington considered sending a military strike force to seize some of the richest fields in Saudi
Arabia, Kuwait, and Abu Dhabi
Jimmy
Carter set up the US central command, a
permanent military force designed
to intervene in the Middle East
on short notice.
1979 Iranian Revolution: The Shah is overthrown and a fundamentalist Islamic regime led by Ayatollah Khomeini turns
Iran
into a
theocracy
. Iranian students seize the US Embassy in Tehran and hold 52 Americans hostage for 444 days (Argo is about the 6 Americans that escaped the Embassy)Slide10
American Hostages
They were blindfolded and paraded in front of the cameras
Made them, the U.S., and President Carter look weakSlide11
Iran- Iraq War 1980-1988
In 1980 , Iraq attacked it’s neighbor Iran
-War began when Iraq seized disputed land near the border
destroyed much of both countries oilfield and infrastructure
-Foreign governments promoted, encouraged and sustained the war
-Big oil companies profited … with Iran/Iraq oil temporarily off the market, other worldwide markets raised their prices
Consequences…
By bankrupting the 2 governments:
Ruining their oil infrastructure;
-opened the way for return of companies thru privatization….
BUT……
Iraq and Iran turned to Japanese oil companies for new private investments, that set the stage for another conflict
Which side did the Kurds take and what were the consequences for them?Slide12
Gulf War 1991
Iraq invaded
Kuwait in
August 1990 claiming it was a historical part of Iraq
In the 1990’s Iraq stopped cooperating with the UNSaddam refused to let weapons inspectors in the country
President Bush decided to intervene militarily and asked France and UK to join. US forces heavily bombed and led a ground war that destroyed Iraqi cities, much of their electricity, and water purification systems.
-Estimated Iraqi deaths 25,000-65,000
“Our jobs, our way of life our own freedom and the freedom of friendly countries around the world would all suffer if control of the worlds great oil reserves fell into the hands of Saddam Hussein
.” George BushSlide13
Conflict during the Sanction Period 1991-2003
- So, the US and the UK vetoed the UN’s request to lift the embargo against Iraq.
-this caused a choke hold on Iraqi’s economy, it restricted oil sales and kept the oil industry in shambles
-by blocking investors and preventing reconstruction destroyed the countries economic base
-with Iraq off the market other private countries benefited-US and the UK declared their goal to oust Saddam Hussein through assassination or a military coup-US and UK also instituted “no-fly zones” and routinely attacked Iraq January 1993, 1996 June 1996 and December 1998Slide14
Iraq war 2003
This war launched by the US
in spite of strong opposition of the UN,
overthrew the government of Saddam Hussein and brought US-UK in direct rule over Iraq
and control of their oil fields,It caused more deterioration of Iraq’s infrastructure, casualties and a chaotic, dysfunctional economy This would be the beginning of an entirely different Power Point that we don’t have time for