Political Life in England 1603 1688 After the death of Elizabeth I in 1603 the crown passed to the Catholic Stuarts James I James ruled as a Protestant monarch But chronic conflict with the Protestant majority of Parliament ID: 598690
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Slide1
Settling the Northern & Middle ColoniesSlide2
Political Life in England (1603 -1688)
After the death of Elizabeth I in 1603, the crown passed to the Catholic Stuarts (
James I )James ruled as a Protestant monarch
But, chronic conflict with the Protestant majority of Parliament
Organized a new translation of the Bible in English ‘King James Bible’
Direct persecution of PuritansSlide3Slide4
Charles I
attempted to rule w/o Parliament
English Civil War (1640-49); Charles I beheadedPuritan Oliver Cromwell
rules as ‘Lord Protector’ until his death
Restoration
of Stuarts (Charles II) in 16601685, James II begins Catholic drama again1688,
Glorious Revolution
William & Mary
(monarchy must be head of the Church of England)
English Bill of Rights
establishes
precedent of documenting the protected rights of citizens
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWPbnWMpMiASlide5
Calvinism is America
Puritans
wished to rid-English Christianity of all Catholic (papist) elementsGod is all-knowing & all-powerfulHumans are weak & prone to sin
It is predetermined which souls go to heaven
Only during conversion might one receive a sign that he/she had been saved
Separatists believed that only ‘visible saints’ should be members of the Church of England
But all of the King’s subjects were entitled to membership
Needed to break away completely from C of E
James I threatened their leadership
went to Holland, then secured the right to settle in the VA Company’s lands in 1620
Arrived in Plymouth Bay as squatters, needed to create
gov’t
& gain right to the landSlide6Slide7
Plymouth Colony:
“the errand into the wilderness’
Mayflower Compact basic plan of
gov’t
Demonstration of their fidelity to King James I
102 sailed on the Mayflower, only 44 survived the first winterCelebrated “Thanksgiving” with the Wampanoag tribe who helped them survive the first winter
Leader -
William Bradford
(elected 30 times)
Only accepted Puritan immigrants
non-Puritans would corrupt
their society
Only 7,000 by the 1690sSlide8
“A City Upon a Hill”Slide9
The Massachusetts Bay Colony
Founded by
Puritans in 1630 to escape potential persecution by Charles IMore than 1,000 settlers, most were educated & well-offspecialize in shipbuilding & timber as industries
Increased in size during the
Great Migration
of the 1630sJohn Winthrop called it “a city upon a hill’
–their covenant with God to build a holy society
Only church members ‘freemen’ could vote on provincial matters
Everyone paid taxes to support the church
Clergymen could not hold political officeSlide10
The Great ‘Puritan’ Migration, 1630-40Slide11
War & Peace in the Puritan World
Pequot War
1637Destroyed the Pequot tribe united
w/Narragansett
Indians in
CTNew England Confederation 1643, Puritan colonies -Mass. Bay, Plymouth, New Haven
due to a lack of British support during the English Civil War
King Phillip’s War
, (
Metacom’s
War) 1675,
Wampanoag Indians united with other tribes to stop Puritans moving into Western Massachusetts
Puritans winSlide12Slide13
‘Rogues Island’
Rhode Island became home to theological dissidents exiled from Massachusetts Bay
Anne Hutchinson -1638Holy life was no sign of salvationRoger Williams -1635
Civil
gov’t
cannot regulate religious behaviorFounded the city of Providence as a place of religious toleration for all faiths, including JewsSlide14
Connecticut Colony
Founded by
Rev. Thomas Hooker
in 1639 & other Boston Puritans
Fertile region of New England
Produced first written constitution, The Fundamental Orders of ConnecticutSlide15
Diversity in the Middle Colonies
Colony of
New Netherland established by the Dutch Republic in 1624As a port city, a diverse population of Swedes, Finns, Germans and Africans emerged
New York
established in 1664 after the British invade Manhattan island and surrounding lands
New Jersey (proprietary colony) will split into 2 colonies due to land purchases by QuakersDelaware
will not be independent until after the Revolution
Middle colonies will become heavy exporters of grain & lumberSlide16
Quakers in America
Quakerism was persecuted in England (1640s-80s) for
not accepting Calvinist belief in predestination
Everyone possessed an “inner light” that offered salvation
Egalitarian
; no titles, no oaths, no clergy, no slavery1681, William Penn secures a grant for his ‘holy experiment’ of Pennsylvania
Advertised honestly for skilled workers & offered freedom of worship
Philadelphia
, planned city, unlike most colonial settlementsSlide17
Frame of Government of Pennsylvania, 1682
XXXV. That all persons living in this province, who confess and acknowledge the one Almighty and eternal God, to be the Creator, Upholder and Ruler of the world; and that hold themselves obliged in conscience to live peaceably and justly in civil society, shall, in no ways, be molested or prejudiced for their religious persuasion, or practice, in matters of faith and worship, nor shall they be compelled, at any time, to frequent or maintain any religious worship, place or ministry whatever.