PPT-Ch 6- Alkyl Halides

Structures and Properties Halogen is connected to a tetrahedral carbon The carbonhalogen bond is polarized with the carbon having a partial positive charge and the halogen having a partial negative charge. Hydrocarbons. Alkanes-. Alkenes-. Alkynes-. Cycloalkanes- . alkanes in which all or some of the carbon atoms are arranged in rings. General Formulas. Alkanes- C. n. H. 2n+2. Alkenes- C. n. H. 2n. Alkynes- C. . Competing Reactions. Alkyl halides can react with Lewis bases by . nucleophilic substitution and/or elimination.. C. C. H. X. +. Y. :. –. C. C. Y. H. X. :. –. +. C. C. +. H. Y. X. :. –. +. . Alkanes: Nomenclature, Conformational Analysis, and an Introduction to Synthesis. Shapes of Alkanes. “Straight-chain” alkanes have a . zig-zag. orientation when they are in their most straight orientation. Structure. Ethers have two organic groups (alkyl, aryl, or vinyl) bonded to the same oxygen . atom.. R groups are identical = symmetrical ether. R groups are different = unsymmetrical ether. Oxygen is . Week 2:. Organophosphate . Insecticides. a. Acute toxicity. History. World War II nerve gases. Britain. Germany. Gerhard Schrader. TEPP as first commercial OP insecticide. Post-WWII transfer of IG Farben chemicals to US. Ether. Chemistry 11. Ms. McGrath. Ethers. General formula: Ethers are organic compounds that have two alkyl groups joined by an oxygen atom.. R-O-R’, where R and R’ are two alkyl groups (they can be the same or different). Dr. . Shatha. I . Alaqeel. 108 . Chem. Learning Objectives. Chapter five discusses the following topics and by the end of this chapter the students will:. . . Recognize the structure and classes of alkyl halides. Attack. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. Electrophile substitutes for a hydrogen on the benzene ring.. Mechanism. =>. Bromination of Benzene. Requires a stronger electrophile than Br. 2. .. Use a strong Lewis acid catalyst, FeBr. Unit 7. Ethers!. Ether – organic compounds . where two alkyl or aryl groups joined singly with an oxygen atom. R-O-R’ R-O-Ar Ar-O-Ar. Ethers. Symmetrical ethers – 2 identical groups bonded to the oxygen. GLY 4200. Lab 7 - Fall. , . 2017. 2. Halides. Minerals contain the anions F. -. , Cl. -. , Br. -. , or I. -. More than one hundred forty halides are known – few are important. Bonding is usually nearly purely ionic. Halogen is connected to a tetrahedral carbon. The carbon-halogen bond is polarized with the carbon having a partial positive charge and the halogen having a partial negative charge. The size of the halogen increases as you move down the group. Haloalkanes. Hunsdiecker. Reaction. Addition of Hydrogen Halides on Alkenes. Markownikoffs. rule:. Anti . Markownikoffs. rule. Physical properties of alkyl halides . 1. . Boiling point orders. R – I > R – Br > R – CI > R – F. HALOALKANES. DHEERAJ GUPTA. ALKYL HALIDES OR HALOALKANES. An organic compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (C-X). X (F, . Cl. , Br, I) replaces H. Alkyl halides are organic molecules containing a halogen atom bonded to an . Several types of functional groups contain a carbon atom singly bonded to a heteroatom. Common examples include alkyl halides (RX, X: F, Cl, Br, I), alcohols (ROH), ethers (ROR), and amines (RNH2, R2NH, R3N, R4N+)..